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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
This study investigates the effect of the ion-to-electron temperature ratio ($T_i/T_e$) on microturbulence driven transport in Quiescent H-mode (QH-mode) plasmas in the DIII-D tokamak. Utilizing the Gyrokinetic Toroidal Code (GTC) and the QH-mode equilibrium, we perform linear and nonlinear simulations to analyze transport properties and instability dynamics under variations of $T_i$ and...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Poster Presentation
We demonstrate Bayesian optimization (BO) of the maximum energy of laser-driven protons in the Target Normal Sheath Acceleration regime by adaptively controlling the actuators of a deformable mirror (DM) to shape the Advanced Laser Light Source (ALLS) 150 TW laser wavefront. After initialization of DM actuators without correction (zeroed actuators), a multi-step BO approach identified an...
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Fundamental Plasma Physics - Laboratory (BSAP)Poster Presentation
Measuring the current density in the low density corona of exploding wires remains experimentally challenging. Therefore, this region is investigated using resistive MHD simulations during the expansion phase.
The numerical results are validated using x-pinch driven proton radiographs obtained using the MAIZE and XP generators. The MAIZE facility delivered a peak current of 400 kA with a...
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Inertial Confinement Fusion (BPIF)Poster Presentation
We will report on the ICF hohlraum experimental campaign that was conducted in 2025 on the LMJ laser facility. During this campaign, approximately 270 kJ of UV energy was delivered to the target using 80 beams. These beams were arranged in 20 quads with a fivefold azimuthal symmetry. The main objective of this campaign was to increase the capsule convergence ratio Rc compared to that achieved...
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Disruptions and Runaway Electrons (MCF)Oral Presentation
Disruptions in ITER present the risk of generating large Runaway Electron (RE) beams that may cause untolerable damage when impacting plasma facing components. Assuming short Thermal Quenches (TQs) lasting around 1 ms, the hot tail mechanism, driven by the rapid temperature drop and the resulting non-Maxwellian electron population, may produce dangerous amounts of RE seeds [1]. This motivates...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
The use of structured light is opening exciting paths in several fields, taking advantage of the different geometrical and topological structures of these beams. This work presents recent results on the interaction of structured IR, UV, and XUV beams with plasmas. Experimental and modelling results unveil its potential applications in plasma diagnosis, in the fields of Inertial Confinement...
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Laser and Particle Beam Interaction with Plasmas, Hydrodynamics and Instabilities (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Laser filamentation is a well-established nonlinear propagation regime in which Kerr self-focusing is dynamically balanced by plasma-induced defocusing, enabling high-intensity pulses to propagate over distances far exceeding the Rayleigh length. Although filamentation at atmospheric pressure has been extensively studied, its behavior in low-pressure environments remains largely unexplored....
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Disruptions and Runaway Electrons (MCF)Poster Presentation
Runaway electrons (REs) pose a significant threat to the safe operation and component lifetime of future high-performance tokamaks such as ITER. During plasma disruptions, REs can be generated and multiplied via the avalanche mechanism, potentially causing serious damage to the first wall and in-vessel structures, especially if the REs replace the bulk electrons as the main current carriers....
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Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
The aim of this work is to demonstrate the feasibility of a hybrid optimization approach that combines Genetic Algorithms (GA) with Monte Carlo (MC) radiation transport simulations to optimize the parameters of diagnostics for magnetic confinement fusion (MCF) plasmas. The design and engineering of such complex systems, which are essential for plasma control and stability, typically involve...
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
CRATOS-MHD is a numerical framework for solving the time-dependent, three-dimensional, compressible, visco-resistive magnetohydrodynamic (VRMHD) equations in the presence of geometrically complex resistive walls. Of specific interest are problems involving fast transient events containing weak solutions which exhibit steep gradients, such as disruptions and vertical displacement events in...
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David Dougan (Queen's University Belfast)Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
The modeling and spectral interpretation of carbon impurities in laboratory fusion plasmas requires accurate electron-impact ionization and excitation data. The rate of ionization is often dominated by ionization from metastable and excited states, with low charge states of carbon also requiring non-perturbative quantum mechanical calculations. For such data to be useful, it needs to be...
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Edge and Pedestal Physics (MCF)Poster Presentation
We present a novel model that calculates the extended-MHD peeling-ballooning (PB) stability threshold as a function of pedestal height and width, providing a higher-fidelity constraint for the onset of edge-localized modes (ELMs). This is crucial in spherical tokamaks (STs) where resistive PB modes have been observed, but can also be relevant for conventional aspect ratio devices such as...
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
Constructing a physically consistent equilibrium particle distribution that satisfies the steady-state gyrokinetic Vlasov equation is essential for high-fidelity gyrokinetic simulations, as it suppresses nonphysical initial transients and reduces particle noise. Such a consistent distribution is also crucial for long-timescale transport studies, where it enables accurate characterization of...
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Laboratory Astrophysics (BSAP)Plenary and Invited Presentation
Understanding how cosmic rays gain energy and scatter in astrophysical environments remains one of the central open questions in plasma astrophysics. We report on an experiment at the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, in which a monoenergetic 450 MeV chromium ion beam was propagated through a magnetized plasma formed by the collision of two counter-propagating, laser-ablated flows....
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
It is widely known that cross field $E\times B$ shear stabilises ion temperature gradient (ITG) turbulence in magnetised plasma via deforming eddies to dissipation scales. However, in the presence of a sheared magnetic field, this effect can be negated for turbulence moving at an angular frequency of $\Omega_E = \gamma_E/\hat{s}$, where $\gamma_E$ is shearing rate and $\hat{s}$ is magnetic...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
A Negative Triangularity (NT) Fusion Power Plant (FPP) can be considered as a valuable alternative to the standard Positive Triangularity (PT) H-mode design. It is has been experimentally proven that NT plasmas can close access to H-mode [1, 2], creating a robust ELM-free scenario, while achieving the same fusion performance as an H-mode through a strong reduction of turbulence [3–6]. We have...
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Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Poster Presentation
Owing to the possibility of highly localised power deposition, electron cyclotron-range microwaves are an almost ubiquitous tool in tokamak experiments, used for heating (ECRH) and current drive (ECCD). They are foreseen as the main heating source for the ITER project [1] and are additionally envisioned to provide instability mitigation and tailored control of current and pressure profiles....
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
Tungsten (W) erosion from divertor targets remains a major source of high Z impurities in magnetic confinement fusion devices, where the resulting radiative power losses can constrain steady state operation. Conventional fluid and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations often employ simplified sheath prescriptions or fixed floating potential assumptions, which fail to capture the coupled kinetic...
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Inertial Confinement Fusion (BPIF)Oral Presentation
T. Tschentscher1, K. Appel1, E. Brambrink1, T. Cowan2, T. Feurer1, H. Sinn1, U. Zastrau1
1 European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
2 Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, GermanyX-ray radiation in the range of 5 - 20 keV provided by high brightness Free-Electron Laser (FEL) sources offer unprecedented new opportunities for studying phenomena and materials...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
While neoclassical tearing modes (NTMs) are generally considered detrimental to plasma confinement, experiments on LHD [1] and J-TEXT [2] have observed NTM-triggered formation of internal transport barriers (ITBs). Traditional theories attribute turbulence suppression by NTMs to profile flattening or E×B shear flows. However, our previous work has shown that three-dimensional deformation...
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Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
A probabilistic formulation and a generalised version of the two-foil method for estimating electron temperature from soft X-ray radiation are presented, motivated by applications to the COMPASS-U tokamak. Using synthetic data representative of the planned diagnostic configuration, the performance of the original method is benchmarked and the impact of tungsten line radiation on accuracy is...
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Stellarator Physics and Optimisation (MCF)Poster Presentation
Three-dimensional (3D) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equilibrium reconstruction is a central problem in magnetic confinement fusion, where complex geometry, limited diagnostic coverage, and experimental uncertainty fundamentally challenge existing reconstruction approaches. Widely used equilibrium solvers such as VMEC [Hirshman83] determine a single equilibrium by prescribing kinetic and iota...
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Stellarator Physics and Optimisation (MCF)Poster Presentation
By optimizing a compact stellarator quasi-omnigenous configuration[1] toward negative toroidally averaged triangularity, we demonstrate a substantial reduction in radial heat transport driven by ion-temperature-gradient (ITG) turbulence with adiabatic electrons. Crucially, this improvement is obtained without degrading other key performance metrics, including ballooning stability, neoclassical...
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Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
Accurate characterization of blob-like filaments in the scrape-off layer (SOL) of magnetically confined plasmas is essential for understanding cross-field transport and refining stochastic models of turbulence in fusion devices. Velocity estimation from imaging diagnostics such as gas-puff imaging (GPI) and beam emission spectroscopy (BES) is often hindered by the barber pole effect, where...
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Laser and Particle Beam Interaction with Plasmas, Hydrodynamics and Instabilities (BPIF)Oral Presentation
Plasma streaming instabilities driven by ultrarelativistic charged particle beams in dense ambient plasmas play a central role in astrophysical and laboratory settings [1]. However, their numerical modeling is hampered by the large disparity in dynamical scales between the beam and plasma particles.
Here, we leverage the quasistatic approximation (QSA)–widely used in the context of plasma...
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Inertial Confinement Fusion (BPIF)Poster Presentation
The hydrodynamic stability of ablation flows is a key issue in laser-driven inertial confinement fusion (ICF) where a sufficiently symmetric implosion of a spherical capsule is expected to achieve thermonuclear burn. For the early stage of an implosion, or shock-transit phase, illumination asymmetries and initial external surface roughness have been identified for some time as critical...
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Stellarator Physics and Optimisation (MCF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
The reconsideration of stellarator–heliotron programs is discussed in light of a review of key highlights from the LHD (Large Helical Device) and the plans for the post-LHD project. The LHD, based on the heliotron concept and employing superconducting coils, has been in operation since 1998 and will complete its mission in 2025. The LHD project has significantly advanced plasma science across...
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Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
The Joint European Torus (JET) was the largest operational facility for controlled deuterium–tritium (DT) fusion. The DT neutron spectrum at JET, with its characteristic 14.1 MeV DT peak, provided an experimental testbed to probe material activation that will be similar to future fusion machines such as ITER. Although neutron fluences at JET were many orders of magnitude lower than those...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Turbulent transport is the dominant loss mechanism for heat and particles in modern magnetic-confinement-fusion experiments. To investigate the dynamics underlying this transport, gyrokinetic simulations are commonly performed in radially localized flux-tube domains. Standard practice involves identifying the dominant linear instability and comparing its behavior with that of nonlinear...
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
In plasma experiments temporally and spatially resolved heat loads on material surfaces are of interest. These can be derived from surface temperature measurements from infrared (IR) cameras by solving the heat diffusion equation. This involves non-trivial boundary conditions and non-linearities of material properties. A widely used tool for this task is the THEODOR (THermal Energy Onto...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Supersonic gas jet nozzles are commonly used to produce under-dense targets for laser-plasma interactions, especially in laser wakefield acceleration experiments. In such experiments, it is ordinarily advantageous to have a smooth and flat density profile which is reproducible for consistent accelerator operation. For specific adaptations - including density transition injection, or betatron...
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Other - MCFPoster Presentation
Fusion energy promises a transformative solution for global energy needs, yet critical technology gaps remain before commercial deployment is possible. Among these, the qualification of fusion blanket components, essential for tritium breeding and fuel self-sufficiency, remains at a low technology readiness level due to a lack of suitable test facilities. General Atomics is addressing this...
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
We present experimental observations of Alfvén eigenmodes in the presence of energetic particles at the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator (W7-X). Typically within the first 300 ms these modes destabilize during the initial phase of plasma discharges under low magnetic field conditions (1.7–1.8 T, as opposed to the standard 2.5–2.6 T). Here plasma heating is exclusively provided by neutral beam...
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
STEP (Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production) is a UK-led fusion programme that aims to demonstrate the commercial viability of fusion energy through the development of a prototype tokamak power plant. The plasma is expected to produce around 1.5 GW of fusion power, of which approximately 330 MW will be carried by fast alpha particles.
Fast particles are highly sensitive to...
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Disruptions and Runaway Electrons (MCF)Poster Presentation
Electron plasma waves (EPW) or ion Bernstein waves (IBW) have been identified as a possible source of radiofrequency emissions detected at FTU during runaway electrons (RE) plasma discharges [C. Castaldo et al., Nucl. Fusion 64 (2024) 086003]. The relevant spectrograms exhibit a set of line emissions with frequencies roughly given by integer multiples of the ion cyclotron frequency of the main...
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Andrea Corbioli (Consorzio RFX/University of Padua)Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
This work presents an electromagnetic model of the passive stabilizing shell (PSS) of RFX-mod2 experiment and a study on the related error fields.
RFX-mod2 is a major upgrade of the former RFX-mod machine. The PSS is now enclosed within a new wider vacuum vessel and is closer to the plasma thus improving its Magneto-Hydro-Dynamic (MHD) stability. Thanks to its engineering flexibility and...
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Mr Maximilian Mudra (Department of Electrical Power Systems and Information Technology, University of the Bundeswehr, Munich, Germany)Laboratory Astrophysics (BSAP)Poster Presentation
In the FIREBALL experiments at CERN’s HiRadMat facility an electron-positron pair beam [1] is delivered through a plasma discharge with the goal of observing beam-plasma instabilities [2]. As part of the FIREBALL IV experiment a three meter long inductively coupled plasma discharge in a cylindrical configuration was designed and characterized. This is an update from the FIREBALL I and II...
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Inertial Confinement Fusion (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Last year First Light Fusion released a white paper, FLARE, detailing an end to end inertial fusion reactor scheme. The concept is centred around long pulse, pulsed power driven, cylindrical compression of cold fuel followed by a heating stage for ignition.
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We present an overview and status update on simulation progress and experimental validation. A key experimental milestone this year is... -
Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Oral Presentation
The UK’s Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP) programme, aiming to provide a prototype fusion power plant (SPP) based on the spherical tokamak concept targeting 2040 [1], has now moved from the conceptional to preliminary design phase. Key objectives of the SPP, which will drive the creation of a UK fusion economy, are to deliver net electric power $P_\mathrm{net}\gt 100...
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Disruptions and Runaway Electrons (MCF)Poster Presentation
One of the potential consequences of tokamak plasma disruption is the formation of a high-energy runway electron (RE) beam that, if unmitigated, could damage plasma facing components (PFCs) and surrounding structures in future large tokamaks like ITER [1]. The primary goal of mitigating an RE beam is to effectively spread its energy and thus significantly reduce localized heat fluxes on the...
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
Plasmas in the Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak Upgrade (MAST-U) are performance limited by MHD instabilities. The q=m/n=2/1 tearing mode (TM) has been identified as one of the most deleterious modes, occurring in the majority of MAST-U shots and reducing plasma beta by ~25%[1]. Electron Cyclotron Current Drive (ECCD) is considered the primary method for actively stabilising TMs in conventional...
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Stellarator Physics and Optimisation (MCF)Poster Presentation
High density plasmas in Wendelstein 7-X stellarator (W7-X) can be achieved via a combination of different heating and fueling systems. One scenario is via the injection of ice Hydrogen pellets into an electron-cyclotron radiation (ECR) heated-plasma, another scenario combines the use of neutral beam injection with ECR-heating, which leads to additional density build-up [Thomsen EPS 2025,...
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Disruptions and Runaway Electrons (MCF)Poster Presentation
We present a study on the dynamics of runaway electrons (RE) in the WEST (Tungsten Environment in Steady State Tokamak) [1] tokamak, where up to 400 milliseconds RE beam have been achieved in post-disruption mode. The analysis includes discharges from experiments on the RE benign termination as well as RE impact on the W-tiles of the inner bumper.
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The work is based on experimental... -
SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
At the divertor targets in a fusion device, the incoming ions can knock a neutral atom from the target surface. This process, called (physical) sputtering, erodes the target on the long run and is a source of impurities in the Scrape-Off Layer (SOL), where the emitted neutrals re-ionise. Sputtering thus plays a key role in plasma-wall interaction. Its calculation requires the velocity...
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Disruptions and Runaway Electrons (MCF)Poster Presentation
Bremsstrahlung emission from mildly relativistic electrons is peaked in the forward direction. This angular anisotropy depends on the energy of the electrons and of the emitted photons, and is stronger for highly energetic electrons. At the WEST tokamak, energetic electrons are generated either through absorption of radiofrequency waves of the lower-hybrid (LH) type, which accelerate electrons...
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
When an otherwise symmetric tokamak plasma is exposed to asymmetric magnetic perturbations, the plasma separatrix ceases to exist and is replaced by a pair of invariant manifolds. The intersection of the outermost manifold with the target plate leads to the formation of magnetic footprints and, consequently, to the splitting of the peak heat flux to the target.
This contribution...
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Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Poster Presentation
The compact tokamak, characterized by a smaller volume and higher plasma pressure compared to ITER, has been studied as a candidate for a future Korean burning reactor. These characteristics are expected to enable reactor construction with reduced cost and shorter development time. Many of these features can be realized through the application of high-temperature superconductors and the...
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
In fusion plasma devices, instabilities such as the Edge Localised Modes (ELMs) can lead to enhanced transport of fast particles and produce damage on the first wall [1,2]. The use of Resonant Magnetic Perturbations (RMPs) can suppress these instabilities [3], but can also lead to substantial fast-ion losses that threaten the integrity of plasma-facing components [4].
In this work,...
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
The SOLPS-ITER code is used to assess the performance of a tightly-baffled, long-legged divertor (TBLLD) under conditions of increased detachment challenge. The TBLLD concept may offer a heat exhaust solution for future reactors, and is currently considered for the SPARC and ARC devices [1]. The Tokamak à Configuration Variable (TCV) is implementing a proof-of-principle TBLLD as its next...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Turbulence is expected to mitigate impurity accumulation, which can otherwise degrade fusion performance or even trigger plasma collapse due to excessive radiation losses. Electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) plasmas provide conditions that enable the achievement of turbulence-rich regimes. Therefore, the transport of high-Z (Fe) impurities is investigated in ECRH experiments at the...
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Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Poster Presentation
Deuterium plasmas are going to be used at Start of Research Operation (SRO) for early H-mode demonstration and in the first Deuterium-Tritium (DT-1) phase of the ITER Research Plan (IRP). The main goal of deuterium operation in these phases is to allow the development of H-mode scenarios with high plasma performance and low neutron production. This is possible thanks to the increased...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Turbulent transport remains one of the principal obstacles to achieving efficient magnetic confinement in fusion devices. Two of the dominant drivers of the turbulence are microscale instabilities fuelled by electron- and ion-temperature gradients (ETG and ITG), whose nonlinear saturation determines the cross-field transport of particles and energy. Despite decades of study, predictive...
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High Energy Density Plasmas, Warm Dense Matter, and Atomic Physics in Plasmas (BPIF)Poster Presentation
With the development of Nano-Micro-array (NMA) fabrication, intense laser-irradiated NMAs have been proposed to produce brilliant gamma-rays and high-yield positrons with appealing conversion efficiency. In this presentation, we introduce how to emply a laser-irradiated NMA scheme to produce brilliant attosecond gamma-ray flashes and high-yield positron bunches with high conversion efficiency....
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) generates high-energy electron beams over centimeter-scale distances rather than the kilometer-scale facilities required by conventional accelerators. Intense ultrashort laser pulses propagating through underdense plasma create wakes sustaining electric fields exceeding 100 GV/m, capable of accelerating electrons to tens of MeV within millimeters. However,...
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Fundamental Plasma Physics - Theory (BSAP)Poster Presentation
We propose a method for predicting the nonlinear saturation level of convective instabilities in neutral and magnetized fluids. The method combines Gardner's restacking algorithm, which computes the available energy and ground states of collisionless plasmas in phase space, and Lagrangian relaxation, where fluid elements find lower-energy equilibria while preserving local invariants. For the...
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Astrophysical Plasmas (BSAP)Plenary and Invited Presentation
Axions constitute one of the most elegant and theoretically well motivated extensions of the standard model. Despite the fact of being so far elusive, they have been proposed to solve the apparent breaking of the charge-parity (CP) symmetry in QCD - the famous strong CP problem - by promoting the small CP angle observed in experiments to a field: the axion restores the CP symmetry in QCD...
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Leonor Roque (IPFN, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa)Edge and Pedestal Physics (MCF)Poster Presentation
Axisymmetric (n=0) long-duration (up to $\sim 10$ s) high-frequency oscillations (HFOs, $50-250$ kHz) near the plasma edge have been observed and experimentally described in L-modes and some L-H transition phases at JET and AUG [1,2]. In this work, we show that these HFOs are a general phenomenon observed in various plasma scenarios and compositions (D, H$^1$, D-T, and D-He$^3$) and under...
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Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
We introduce an AXUV forward modelling tool to aid the interpretation of phenomena from experiments on ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) and support validation of plasma modelling. AXUV diodes detect electromagnetic radiation across a wide spectral range, albeit with a non-uniform spectral responsivity. This diagnostic has significantly higher time resolution (~μs) than foil bolometers (~ms) and is suitable...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
With ITER’s all-tungsten plasma-facing component design, understanding impurity transport in high-temperature plasmas has become increasingly important. Impurity transport strongly affects plasma performance, as excessive impurity accumulation can degrade confinement and may even trigger disruptions.
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This contribution focuses on Bayesian inference of core tungsten transport coefficients in... -
Jeffrey De Rycke (Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium)Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
We present ongoing work on a Bayesian integrated data analysis (IDA) framework for multi-diagnostic equilibrium reconstruction at the WEST tokamak. The approach builds on previously validated Bayesian current tomography using external magnetic diagnostics and extends it toward a unified inference of equilibrium-relevant plasma quantities using magnetic, density, and temperature information...
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Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
Nonlinear wave-particle interactions play a crucial role in determining the heating and transport properties of magnetically confined, low collisional plasmas. Experimental detection of persistent non-Maxwellian velocity-space distributions with real-space structures is still extremely challenging, and validation of the theoretical concept has not been extensively performed. Assuming that the...
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Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
At Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X), the world’s largest superconducting stellarator, three thermal helium beam systems are used to infer edge plasma electron density and temperature applying the spectral line intensity ratio method [1]. In this contribution, we present a Bayesian forward model of the helium beam emission in W7-X. In contrast to conventional approaches based on line intensity ratios,...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) has emerged as a strong candidate for next-generation compact accelerators due to its ability of reaching high accelerating gradients. However, LWFA technique is highly sensitive to the properties of driving laser pulse and small distortions in laser wavefront can significantly affect the wakefield formation and the overall quality of produced electron beam....
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Beyond Gyrokinetics: Gradient Driven Ion Cyclotron Instabilities in Thermal Tokamak Plasmas
The stability analysis of gyrokinetic slab ITG modes is well-established and results in temperature and density gradient stability thresholds that depend on the parallel and perpendicular wavenumbers.
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In a recent PRL [1], we carried out 6D turbulence simulations with a specially optimized phase... -
Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
Control of particle transport is a prerequisite for sustaining burning plasmas, necessitating a precise balance between fuel confinement and helium ash removal. This study investigates the transport bifurcation phenomena in the Large Helical Device (LHD), demonstrating that the velocity-space anisotropy of energetic ions serves as a deterministic control knob to regulate the directionality of...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
In the Scrape-Off Layer (SOL) of tokamaks plasmas, turbulence is known to self-organize into coherent density structures (“blobs”) that propagate ballistically, intermittently and radially outward toward the wall [1]. In this study, we unravel a novel nonlinear and non-Markovian behavior of turbulence-driven blobs. To this end, we use the Tokam2d code [3] that features collisional drift-wave...
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Oral Presentation
With the recent ITER rebaseline decision introducing a full-tungsten first wall configuration, the efficacy of wall conditioning via boronisation has become a high priority issue in the ITER operational planning. ASDEX Upgrade (AUG), equipped with tungsten (W) plasma facing components and using deuterated diborane, has the unique capability to investigate the main issues arising for ITER:...
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High Energy Density Plasmas, Warm Dense Matter, and Atomic Physics in Plasmas (BPIF)Poster Presentation
This ongoing study investigates the bremsstrahlung emission in high-temperature plasmas using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. A wide range of plasma coupling and degeneracy regimes is investigated, with particular focus on temperatures, where relativistic phenomena become important. To accurately resolve the relativistic kinematics, we use a modified LAMMPS code [1] that includes...
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LTP Plasmas for Sustainability (LTDP)Oral Presentation
Low-temperature plasmas enable electron-driven plasma NH3 synthesis, yet a quantitative understanding of microphysical characteristics relative to reactor-scale performance remains elusive. Building on a systematic experimental N₂–H₂ dataset spanning varied reactor configurations and operating conditions, we developed a machine-learning-based framework that links plasma microphysics to...
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Laser and Particle Beam Interaction with Plasmas, Hydrodynamics and Instabilities (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Interaction of high-power lasers with matter is accompanied by intense electromagnetic pulses (EMP), which can interfere with diagnostics and damage sensitive electronics, requiring mitigation. At the same time, intense EMPs offer potential for advanced applications. In fundamental plasma physics, laser-driven EMP remains of intrinsic interest, as its generation mechanisms are not yet fully...
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Inertial Confinement Fusion (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Most schemes for IFE are based on solid state lasers, and they use the third harmonics of Nd:YAG. A promising alternative of solid state laser systems is the excimer laser, as ELECTRA or the scheme suggested by the XCIMER company The short wavelengths and broad bandwidth of excimer lasers are preferential parameters to avoid parametric instabilities. Excimers have intrinsically shorter...
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Dr Scott Silburn (UKAEA)SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Oral Presentation
The MAST Upgrade super-X divertor [1,2] creates ideal conditions for detachment with a long connection length and high neutral pressure in the divertor region. While results have shown the super-X strongly mitigates heat flux during steady state plasma conditions, the survivability of the divertor during transient events is a key requirement for future plasma devices[3]. Although large...
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
The Hamiltonian structure of the four-field reduced model of single-helicity and incompressible MHD in cylindrical geometry was found in [1]. An extremum of the summation of the Hamiltonian and the Casimir invariants, or the energy-Casimir functional, corresponds to an equilibrium [2]. The extremum is obtained by setting the first variation of the energy-Casimir functional zero, which yields...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Poster Presentation
The acceleration of ions to MeV energies via the Target Normal Sheath Acceleration mechanism remains limited by the slow scaling of the ion energies with the laser intensity. In this work, we present a pathway to overcome this limitation using micrometric bar targets ("μ-bars"). We have recently demonstrated [1,2] that intense laser irradiation of μ-bars narrower than the laser waist, achieve...
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Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Poster Presentation
The extraction of a uniform and stable beam at a divergence below 7 mrad is a critical requirement for RF-driven negative ion sources used in neutral beam injection (NBI) systems planned for ITER, operating with both hydrogen and deuterium isotopes. Meeting this requirement calls for systematic assessment of the beam characteristics and its reproducibility under well-defined operating...
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Other - LTDPPoster Presentation
Aline is a linear and axisymmetric magnetised (maximum axial field 120 mT) plasma reactor which has been upgraded with an ICP source. A variable-frequency generator allows for coupling of up to 400 W of rf power (usually 10-40 MHz) to the plasma, for pressures between 0.1 and 10 Pa. The optical emission from the helium ICP was unexpectedly found to be strongly inhomogeneous for B > 45 mT. A...
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Solar and Space Plasmas (BSAP)Poster Presentation
In plasma physics, one of the main obstacles to unravelling the mechanisms responsible for energy transfer between electromagnetic fields and plasma particles is the multi-scale nature of plasma phenomena. In this context, plasma turbulence plays a fundamental role because it transports energy across spatial scales from the energy injection scales (large-scales) down to small-scales at which...
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
The Compact Toroidal Injection (CTI) system, known for its extremely high energy injection density, is considered a key technology for core fueling in future fusion reactors. A series of CTI plasma injection experiments have been conducted on the EAST superconducting tokamak, revealing not only significant core fueling phenomena but also notable effects on high-frequency magnetohydrodynamic...
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Other - LTDPOral Presentation
When ultrafast laser pulses with sufficient peak power propagate through transparent media, laser filamentation arises from the dynamic interplay between self-focusing and photoionization-induced plasma defocusing. The plasma can be described as an initial primary photoionization-driven plasma and a secondary plasma, governed solely by plasma kinetics. As modern laser systems reach higher...
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Edge and Pedestal Physics (MCF)Poster Presentation
The Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP) programme aims to deliver a prototype fusion reactor that demonstrates net electricity production. Impurity seeding will be essential in fusion power plants to ensure a homogeneous distribution of heat fluxes in the form of radiation to the vessel walls and adequate divertor detachment. The amount of seeding must also remain compatible with...
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
The magnetic field of the five-period optimized stellarator Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) is generated by seven types of unique superconducting coils, arranged in ten identical half-modules. By changing the ratios of the currents between these coil types, a wide magnetic configuration space can be explored. This space has been probed experimentally in the search for configurations with improved...
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
The scrape-off-layer (SOL) heat-flux width, λq, is a key parameter for plasma exhaust and power handling, but its scaling in stellarators remains poorly understood [1]. In tokamaks, λq scales inversely with the poloidal magnetic field, with weak dependence on heating power or machine size (Eich-Goldstein law [2]). The present experiment aims to determine the dependence of λq on magnetic field...
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Dusty and Strongly Coupled Plasmas (LTDP)Poster Presentation
It was found that metal-coated melamine formaldehyde particles suspended in an rf plasma can exhibit active behavior when they are illuminated by lasers. Inhomogeneities and defects of the coating lead to the emergence of photophoretic forces, resulting in a behavior similar to Janus particles. In laboratory experiments, a fraction of 10 to 20 % of the particles showed such active...
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Dusty and Strongly Coupled Plasmas (LTDP)Oral Presentation
The dynamical properties of extended clouds of dust particles in a dusty plasma under the microgravity conditions of parabolic flights is studied. Here, micrometer-sized dust particles are immersed into a gaseous plasma of a capacitively coupled radio-frequency discharge. There the particles become confined in a large extended, nearly force-free dust cloud. The particles are illuminated by...
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Dusty and Strongly Coupled Plasmas (LTDP)Oral Presentation
As semiconductor devices continue to shrink, maintaining ultra-clean fabrication environments becomes increasingly critical. To eliminate unwanted particles from low-pressure, high-purity processing systems, a novel technique known as the “plasma seal” has been proposed. This method uses plasma to electrically charge contaminant particles, enabling their removal through an externally applied...
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Laser and Particle Beam Interaction with Plasmas, Hydrodynamics and Instabilities (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Broadband laser pulses are widely considered as a route to mitigating parametric instabilities in high–energy–density plasmas by reducing temporal coherence and disrupting phase-matched three-wave coupling in processes such as stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering (SRS/SBS). Suppression criteria are typically formulated in terms of the global spectral bandwidth, with coherence time scaling...
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Stellarator Physics and Optimisation (MCF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
The stellarator offers key advantages over the tokamak as a magnetic fusion reactor concept, including intrinsic steady-state operation capability and immunity to current-driven instabilities and disruptions. Unlike in tokamaks, good confinement is not guaranteed in a generic stellarator but requires a careful design of the three-dimensional magnetic field, usually known as stellarator...
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Dusty and Strongly Coupled Plasmas (LTDP)Oral Presentation
Experiments under microgravity conditions are a cornerstone of complex (dusty) plasma research. In microgravity, large particle systems can be generated and studied, without sedimentation overshadowing particle interaction and dynamics.
Thus, a series of facilities (PKE-Nefedov, PK-3 Plus, PK-4) were and are operated onboard the International Space Station since the early 2000s, providing...
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Laser and Particle Beam Interaction with Plasmas, Hydrodynamics and Instabilities (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Hot-electron generation and transport play a central role in laser–matter interaction and high-energy-density plasma experiments. Comparative laser–plasma interaction studies using solid and foam targets were conducted at the Prague Asterix Laser System (PALS) using the first and third harmonics of the laser irradiation. Bremsstrahlung emission was diagnosed using a tunable filter-stack...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Spherical tokamaks offer numerous benefits over conventional tokamaks, including enhanced MHD stability, access to a higher ratio of plasma pressure to magnetic pressure (beta), and reduced reactor size. Current and future spherical tokamaks include MAST-U, NSTX-U, and the UK's planned spherical tokamak for energy production (STEP). However, as beta increases, turbulent transport transitions...
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
Reducing the heat load on divertor plates in tokamaks is a key challenge for future fusion devices. One possible route is to modify the divertor magnetic geometry. For this reason, Alternative Divertor Configurations (ADCs) are actively studied. Increasing the plasma-wetted area through poloidal magnetic flux expansion is one of the approaches that can lower the peak heat flux to levels below...
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Other - LTDPPlenary and Invited Presentation
The development of the molecular convergent close-coupling (MCCC) method has enabled large-scale convergence studies to be performed for molecular targets for the first time. Over the last decade we have been applying this technology to the electron-H$_2$ scattering system, with the long-term goal of producing a complete collision data set for application in collisional-radiative models....
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
Transport barriers in magnetically confined plasmas significantly improve confinement by reducing energy and particle transport through resonant interactions between drift orbits and non-axisymmetric perturbative modes. The kinetic-$q$ factor ($q_{kin}$), defined as the ratio of bounce/transit-averaged toroidal precession to poloidal frequency of the guiding center motion [1], determines both...
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
Nonlinear behavior of shear Alfvén waves (SAWs), particularly bursting events and their self-consistent interactions with energetic particles, is a key issue in magnetic confinement fusion research. Recurrent bursting SAWs can drastically degrade plasma confinement, which are often observed in present-day tokamaks and stellarators supplied by neutral beam injection heating [1,2]. On the other...
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Plasma Processing and Applications (LTDP)Poster Presentation
Microwave plasmas sustained at atmospheric pressure generated by a TIAGO (Torche à Injection Axiale sur Guide d’Ondes) have demonstrated significant potential for production of high-quality, low-cost graphene from ethanol, achieving production rates of 110 mg/h. Despite the process being highly efficient and ecologically sustainable, key parameters such as reactor geometry, precursor...
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Agricultural and Bio-medical Applications (LTDP)Poster Presentation
Non-thermal plasma represents a promising physicochemical tool for environmentally friendly and effective inactivation of biological organisms in aquatic environments. Its biological effects are primarily mediated by the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, acting either through direct plasma contact or indirectly via plasma-activated water (PAW). Among the most important stable...
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Other - BPIFPoster Presentation
We present the concept of high-power (kilowatt to megawatt) sub-THz Cherenkov oscillators employing complex two-dimensional periodic surface lattice (2D PSL) interaction cavities for the production of coherent radiation. These sources can be tailored for diverse stationary and non-stationary regimes. When operating in the steady-state regime, these sources are especially attractive for...
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Power Plant Design (MCF)Poster Presentation
General Fusion is a leader in the fusion industry, developing uniquely practical Magnetized Target Fusion (MTF) technology that addresses the key barriers to commercializing fusion technology. General Fusion’s MTF technology is designed to scale for cost-efficient power plants. It uses mechanical compression to create fusion conditions in short pulses, eliminating the need for expensive lasers...
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Dusty and Strongly Coupled Plasmas (LTDP)Oral Presentation
When confined in a horizontally near-flat potential well in the plasma sheath region, microparticles are very sensitive to perturbations in their horizontal force balance. In this contribution we present experiments where glass microparticles confined in the sheath region of a radio frequency driven parallel plate argon plasma, react to laser light hitting surfaces near the potential well. The...
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Geert Verdoolaege (Ghent University)Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
The widely adopted IPB98(y,2) confinement scaling law exhibits an approximately quadratic dependence of the energy confinement time in ELMy H‑mode tokamak plasmas on the device major radius. In contrast, the more recent ITPA20 confinement scaling indicates a substantially weaker size dependence. In this study, optimisation and classification techniques are applied to the ITPA global H‑mode...
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Fundamental Plasma Physics - Theory (BSAP)Poster Presentation
Inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) plasmas support non-Maxwellian fuel-ion velocity distribution functions (VDFs) due to electrostatic acceleration, orbit topology, charge-exchange and Coulomb collision processes. In deuterium-tritium (D-T) operation, the $ \mathrm{D(T,n)}^{4}\mathrm{He} $ reaction produces nominal 14.1 MeV neutrons whose birth energy-angle distribution is a direct...
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Ultra-high Intensity Laser-matter Interaction and High-field Physics (BPIF)Oral Presentation
Continued developments in high-power lasers will enable intensities beyond 10^23 W/cm^2. At such intensities, a laser pulse colliding with an ultra-relativistic electron beam subjects the electrons to fields nearing the Schwinger limit, triggering strong-field QED (SFQED) processes. The dominant processes in the collision are nonlinear Compton scattering, where a charged particle emits...
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Liquid Plasma Interaction (LTDP)Oral Presentation
Dual-frequency atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJs) represent a promising method to manipulate the ion transportation and the plasma propagation on a surface [1]. Despite the potential shown by these unique devices, the fundamental mechanisms through which such systems interact with a liquid substrate and govern the induced liquid flow have not been investigated yet. In this work, we...
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Plasma Control (MCF)Poster Presentation
The ITER baseline scenario (IBL) is a key operational scenario for ITER and has been jointly investigated on several tokamaks, including JET, AUG and TCV. The IBL is an inductive H-mode scenario characterized by Edge Localized Modes (ELMs), aiming at fusion power $P_{\mathrm{fus}} \sim 500\,\mathrm{MW}$ and fusion gain $Q \sim 10$, with $I_P = 15\,\mathrm{MA}$ and $B_T = 5.3\,\mathrm{T}$. This...
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Fundamental Plasma Physics - Laboratory (BSAP)Poster Presentation
Controlled excitation of zonal flows (ZFs), their interaction with the mean flow, and modulation of mean-flow-driven fluctuations, have been investigated in the cylindrical magnetized plasma device named IMPED. The experiments are carried out at a fixed magnetic field of 550 G, while systematically varying the magnetic field ratio Rm = Bm/Bs and the neutral gas pressure. At low neutral...
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Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
For the neoclassically optimized stellarator W7-X, impurity transport is governed by three mechanisms—classical, neoclassical, and turbulent transport—where the classical contribution, usually negligible in tokamaks, may become relevant. Understanding impurity transport and developing effective impurity control strategies are essential for achieving long-pulse, steady-state high-performance...
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Cameron Olde (UKAEA)Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Oral Presentation
Avoiding tungsten (W) accumulation in the core plasma will be vital for successful operations of next generation tokamaks. For the development of high-performance scenarios, which target steady state operation, it is essential that core W transport and the plasma conditions required for impurity screening at the confined plasma periphery are understood. Spontaneous formation of internal...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Oral Presentation
The experiments performed at the Joint European Torus (JET) in the final years of operation give the unique opportunity to investigate future reactor relevant issues. In preparation to the second deuterium–tritium campaign (DTE2) JET team developed a high-current baseline scenario capable of sustaining high performance for 5 s. The scenario was developed in D plasmas through a stepwise...
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Plasma Control (MCF)Poster Presentation
In order to characterise the response to gas-puff fuelling of ITER plasma and inform the initial development of the density control system, a series of fully integrated core-SOL simulations has been performed with the COCONUT suit of codes (JETTO+EDGE2D).
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The scenarios analysed are 5 MA / 2.56 T and 7.5 MA / 2.65 T hydrogen L mode plasmas with 10 MW of ECRH. Steps in gas puff rate were... -
Astrophysical Plasmas (BSAP)Oral Presentation
The observed millisecond-scale duration is an essential yet mysterious feature of fast radio bursts (FRBs). In this work, we link the observed soft gamma-ray counterpart of FRB 200428 to electron-positron pair cascades driven by Compton scattering and the Breit-Wheeler process. We demonstrate that such pair cascades can truncate FRBs to durations down to millisecond-scale, thereby establishing...
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Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
Active plasma resonance spectroscopy (APRS) exploits plasmas' resonance at the electron plasma frequency to diagnose key parameters like electron density. The Curling probe, pioneered by Sugai et al., is a compact APRS variant: a conductive spiral on a dielectric substrate whose resonant frequency shift with surrounding permittivity, enabling local plasma density measurement. Its small size...
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Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
Modelling the electric field of Gaussian beams near the cutoff is important for interpreting diagnostics, such as Doppler backscattering (DBS), and calculating the O-X mode conversion in O-X-B heating and current drive. In slab geometry, beam tracing can overestimate the size of the electric field near the cutoff [1]. Recent work showed that this divergence is integrable and that the beam...
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Astrophysical Plasmas (BSAP)Poster Presentation
The interaction between radiative cooling and magnetic reconnection has been widely hypothesised to be responsible for many energetic phenomena in extreme astrophysical environments, ranging from coronal heating in compact accretion discs to high energy gamma-ray flaring activity in pulsar wind nebulae. The first theoretical description of radiatively-cooled reconnection was developed by...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Oral Presentation
Plasma wakefield accelerators driven by ultra-intense laser pulses (LWFA) or relativistic particle beams (PWFA) have emerged as a promising route toward compact next-generation accelerators. Precise characterization of the plasma wave is essential for understanding and optimizing these schemes. Optical shadowgraphy techniques already enable direct imaging of plasma density perturbations and...
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Mr Hyeongjun Noh (Seoul National University)Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
In this work, we present an integrated data-driven framework for pre-experimental L-H transition prediction. This methodology employs a Transformer-based generative artificial intelligence model to predict the spatiotemporal evolution of magnetic fluctuations, conditioned on planned actuator trajectories. These predicted signals are subsequently processed by a deep learning-based plasma...
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Fundamental Plasma Physics - Theory (BSAP)Poster Presentation
High-resolution fluid simulations for plasma physics and astrophysics rely on Particle-in-cell (PIC) and hydrodynamic solvers (e.g., FLASH) to resolve shock-dominated, multi-scale phenomena, but their high computational cost severely limits scalability. This motivates the development of learning-based surrogate models, which offer a promising route to accelerate these simulations while...
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Other - MCFPoster Presentation
To enable efficient shot or controller design, we must be able to estimate plasma parameters, such as the electron density or temperature, from engineering parameters. Even when reduced to 0D aggregate quantities, such as the line-averaged density or the average core temperature, accurate simulation is difficult due to the non-obvious estimation and interplay of various sources and sinks....
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Other - MCFPoster Presentation
Reliable tokamak operation requires improved capability to monitor and control the plasma state. Kinetic profiles provide key information about the plasma and serve as essential inputs for advanced control schemes. However, practical limitations such as restricted diagnostic availability, measurement failures, and limited sampling rates and/or radial resolution are obstacles for both real-time...
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Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
To achieve high-fidelity equilibrium reconstruction, we develop a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) framework integrating ex-vessel magnetic and neutron diagnostics. The primary objective of this framework is to bypass the long-term reliability issues of in-vessel diagnostics caused by the harsh radiation environments in Demonstration Fusion Power Reactor (DEMO) class devices. Utilizing KSTAR...
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Disruptions and Runaway Electrons (MCF)Oral Presentation
ITER will rely on shattered pellet injection (SPI) to mitigate the damaging consequences of plasma disruptions. Its disruption mitigation system (DMS) is designed to support various injection schemes and geometries to maximise material assimilation across the evolving plasma conditions during a disruption. The SPI system at ASDEX Upgrade has been adapted for the recent campaign to test a...
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Fundamental Plasma Physics - Theory (BSAP)Poster Presentation
We develop an analytical framework to determine the ground states—distribution functions of minimal thermal and thus maximal field energy—of collisionless plasmas with prescribed density profiles, and derive upper bounds on the field energy. Enforcing physical realisability, e.g. that the ground state supports an electric field with the correct energetic content or is quasineutral,...
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
Plasma disruptions are large catastrophic events in tokamak nuclear fusion burning plasmas. Disruptions result in a sudden confinement loss, so that heat and particles are rapidly expelled to the device wall. Disruptions can abruptly destroy the plasma facing components, and terminate the fusion reaction. Disruption issues are of central importance to future fusion rectors such as ITER....
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Stellarator Physics and Optimisation (MCF)Poster Presentation
In magnetic fusion devices, there exists an empirical upper limit for the achievable plasma density. Theoretical descriptions generally invoke energy transport and/or radiative losses as competing factors in setting that limit. In the case of tokamaks, the sequence of events is complicated by changes in the magnetic equilibrium and the onset of MHD instabilities. In that respect, stellarators...
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Edge and Pedestal Physics (MCF)Poster Presentation
The empirical Greenwald scaling for the density limit (DL) implies an unfavorable dependence of the maximum achievable density on plasma size, which is a tokamak-specific major constraint on the operational point of a reactor. However, recent evidence [1] points to a dependence of the DL on power, with different theoretical DL models [2,3] agreeing on a scaling as $P_\mathrm{sep}^{0.3-0.5}$...
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
Dedicated experiments on the DIII-D tokamak demonstrate detached divertor operation in the new compact Shape and Volume Rise (SVR) divertor using both increased deuterium fueling (density-driven detachment) and extrinsic nitrogen seeding across a broad range of operational scenarios with concurrent modeling. Parameters explored include toroidal field ($B_T$) direction, fueling location (main...
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Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
Burning plasma conditions studies are of fundamental importance for future fusion reactors: next-generation tokamaks will reach very high temperatures and sustain them for long durations [1]. This makes it essential to deepen our understanding of the underlying physics in such conditions. Among the aspects that still need to be fully clarified are the behavior and the modeling of electron...
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Mr Victor Dubus-Chanson (Université de Lorraine, Institut Jean Lamour, Nancy, France)Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Understanding the behaviour of plasma filaments on the edge of magnetically confined plasmas is crucial in trying to better control them. To locate filaments, video acquisition using high-speed cameras is realized on the COMPASS tokamak. Tomographic inversion is then applied to reconstruct videos on a poloidal plane across the last closed flux surface and scrape-off layer. Using this data,...
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Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
Edge-localized modes (ELMs) are quasi-periodic edge instabilities in tokamaks, accompanied by the expulsion of heat and particles from the plasma. Large ELMs can heighten the risk of damage to the plasma-facing components. However, under certain conditions, ELMs can exhibit strongly stochastic behavior, showing a mix of relatively small and larger bursts. This complicates the predictability of...
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Solar and Space Plasmas (BSAP)Poster Presentation
Current sheets play an important role in many aspects of solar and space plasma activity. For example, a vast number of collisionless current sheets can be observed in the solar wind (e.g. Vasko et al., 2022). A common problem in the context of collisionless current sheets is having to find particle distribution functions which self-consistently generate a known magnetic field profile.
We...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Understanding transport phenomena in plasma systems is critical for optimizing fueling and exhaust processes in fusion devices and explaining angular momentum transport in astrophysical accretion disks. The transport phenomena are traditionally categorized into two distinct paradigms: deterministic convection in laminar flows and stochastic diffusion in turbulent flows. The latter, typically...
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Poster Presentation
Digital twins are a key enabler for the design and optimisation of future fusion reactors. Their development relies on predictive, high-fidelity simulations that integrate multiple physical phenomena in realistic three-dimensional geometries. In particular, the modelling of radio-frequency (RF) heating systems, such as Ion Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ICRH), requires accurate solutions of...
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Plasma Processing and Applications (LTDP)Poster Presentation
A spatially averaged global model was developed for inductively coupled carbonyl sulfide (COS) plasma. The model simultaneously calculates wall coverages, electron temperature, and the densities of neutral and charged species. The simulation results were validated through comparison with experimental data reported in the literature and obtained using quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS). The...
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
Fast Ions (FIs), generated from auxiliary heating or fusion reactions, can resonantly interact with MHD modes, leading to their redistribution or loss thus reducing the overall fusion power. One method to modelling such interactions is the self-consistent hybrid kinetic-MHD approach in which the bulk thermal plasma is treated within the MHD framework and the FIs are treated with a full-F...
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Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Poster Presentation
We explore an inboard-limited ITB (Internal Transport Barrier) scenario as an alternative advanced operation mode for KSTAR. The key approach is to hold the plasma on the inboard limiter to suppress the H-mode transition during the early phase of neutral beam injection. ITBs were also observed in an up-shifted configuration, which is unfavorable for H-mode access and thus beneficial for...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Elucidating the influence of turbulence on plasma confinement is a crucial step toward achieving nuclear fusion in magnetically confined plasmas. Turbulence-driven fluctuations in electron density, electron temperature, and plasma potential generate additional electron heat flux and are believed to play a dominant role in anomalous transport. Consequently, experimental measurements of electron...
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Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Poster Presentation
The ITER High Fidelity Plasma Simulator (HFPS), developed by integrating the core-edge-SOL transport modelling code (JINTRAC) with the free-boundary equilibrium evolution code (DINA), has previously demonstrated its ability to model transient core-edge/SOL plasma transport. These studies introduced a novel scheme for the conservation of physical quantities and successfully demonstrated...
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Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Oral Presentation
To advance the steady-state operation of ITER and achieve high fusion gain (high-$Q$) in tokamak devices, experimental research on high poloidal beta ($\beta_p$) plasma scenarios was conducted on EAST, focusing on ITER-relevant compatibility, fully non-inductive operation, and tungsten (W) divertor adaptation. High-performance high-$\beta_p$ plasma was successfully demonstrated via radio...
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Mr Yuta Yamanaka (Mitsbishi Electric Corporation, Kyoto University)Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
Frequency-comb microwave reflectometer enables observation of dynamic behaviors of reflection layers corresponding to different cutoff densities by injecting microwave composed of multiple discrete frequency components into plasma. This is thus a diagnostic tool for simultaneously observing the spatiotemporal structure of the plasma density, including microscopic density fluctuations, at...
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Edge and Pedestal Physics (MCF)Poster Presentation
The confinement performance of H-mode plasmas depends on the pressure profile in the pedestal region. EPED1 model is a widely used pedestal model, which determines the pedestal height and width based on MHD stabilities and turbulence without calculating energy fluxes. The pressure in the pedestal region with type-I edge localized modes (ELMs) gradually increases in the transport timescale, and...
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Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Poster Presentation
Scenario development operation is one of the most resource-intensive and expertise-dependent processes in magnetic confinement fusion. In current practice,
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to design the desired plasma and fusion device state, researchers tune the currents of
each coil over the evolution of the discharge through an iterative trial-and-error procedure. This workflow requires significant time and limits... -
Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
The upcoming ST40 campaign will include a series of experiments testing the performance of various PFC (Plasma Facing Component) materials including both lithium and molybdenum. Part of assessing the effectiveness of the PFCs will be measuring the edge to core transport of the first wall material which requires an understanding of the plasma composition. Since no single diagnostic can...
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
The Materials Plasma Exposure eXperiment (MPEX) device, under construction at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, will start its operations in December 2026. The goal of MPEX is to provide plasma fluence and heat flux, at fusion reactor levels, for continuous pulses lasting up to two weeks, to assess the damage to divertor target materials. The design of MPEX was guided by an integrated physics...
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Other - MCFPoster Presentation
The US Fusion Roadmap envisages the first fusion power plants to be delivered by the private sector. This goal requires major advances not only in the plasma core, which must be demonstrated with much better energy confinement, control and power handling than attained today, but also in a range of even more challenging technology innovations. And the compatibility between these techniques,...
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Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Oral Presentation
For the first time, identity and similarity experiments between DIII-D and WEST were performed in the ITER "hybrid-like" regime during dedicated campaigns on the two facilities in 2025. These experiments exploit the complementary capabilities of the two facilities and aim to illuminate the path toward combined high fusion performance with high-normalised pressure N (DIII-D) and long-pulse...
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Fundamental Plasma Physics - Theory (BSAP)Poster Presentation
Interpreting the spectra from magnetically-confined/astrophysical plasmas involves generating synthetic spectra from collisional-radiative models at the required densities and temperatures. These models are underpinned by accurate atomic and collisional rates, ideally employing the same atomic structure. For example, within an astrophysical context, near-neutral ion stages of nickel (Ni) are...
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Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
The Resonant Antenna Ion Device (RAID) is a linear, steady-state plasma device operated at the Swiss Plasma Center. It is dedicated to research on basic helicon physics, tokamak-edge plasma phenomena, and validation of spectroscopic plasma techniques for fusion applications, including state-of-the-art laser spectroscopy measurements.
The RAID device is equipped with an extensive set of...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Electron beams from a wakefield accelerator (LWFA) are typically assumed to be short, comparable to the plasma wavelength. Under certain conditions, as the electrons start to exit the accelerator, the plasma wavelength increases and the electrons are moved into the decelerating phase of the wakefield. At this point, the electrons start to lose energy, and a fraction of them are separated and...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Turbulence in magnetically confined plasmas exhibits features of quasi-two-dimensional flows, an intermediate state between three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) turbulence[1]. In 3D, energy cascades forward from large to small scales until viscous dissipation, whereas in 2D, it transfers inversely to form large-scale structures like zonal flows[2], saturating turbulence. In fusion...
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Plasma Control (MCF)Poster Presentation
The poloidal magnetic flux produced by the net plasma current changes by approximately 10% over the range of credible current profiles. The time derivative of the poloidal flux outside a surface of fixed toroidal flux $\psi_t$, is given by the loop voltage $V_\ell$, which implies the actual current profile is given by the spatial constancy of $V_\ell$. Using Boozer coordinates, the internal...
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Disruptions and Runaway Electrons (MCF)Oral Presentation
The EAST superconducting tokamak, with Mo first walls and ITER-like W divertors, has developed and tested a Shattered Pellet Injection (SPI) system [1,2] and two Massive Gas Injection (MGI) systems [3] for disruption mitigation. Neon SPI experiments revealed key disruption dynamics including helical impurity transport and radiation evolution. Compared with MGI, SPI shows superior performance:...
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
Oxygen impurities in fusion reactors impair plasma startup in limiter configuration, which restricts the transition to high-performance discharges. Effective oxygen gettering is thus critical, and boronization addresses this issue by improving impurity control [1]. This requires boron layers 50 to 100 nm thick to reduce the oxygen content. One method for depositing such layers is glow...
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
This work investigates the dynamic behaviour of power exhaust in the X-Point Target (XPT) divertor configuration through perturbative experiments on the TCV tokamak [1] ($R_0 \sim 0.88$ m, $B_0 \sim 1.45$ T, $a \sim$ 0.25 m), benchmarked against a conventional Single Null (SN) configuration.
Power exhaust is a critical challenge for reactor-grade tokamaks, requiring detached divertor...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Models and simulations of drift wave edge turbulence in magnetically confined plasmas generally make use of various simplifications. A common approximation is to employ the "delta-f" form of equations, where only small turbulent perturbations (compared to the average "background" quantities) are evolved. As in the edge and scrape-off layer of tokamaks and stellarators the fluctuation...
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
Divertor detachment and related strategies for management of the intensive heat flux on the tokamak plasma facing components is tightly connected to the transport in Scrape-off Layer (SOL). An important contributor to the SOL transport are plasma drifts, cross-field components induced by the geometry of the magnetic field, plasma pressure gradient, or electric field from potential...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
In magnetic-confinement-fusion devices, turbulent transport is an essential constraint on the confinement of the plasma. In tokamak edge-pedestals formed in the high-confinement mode of operation (H-mode), electron-scale turbulence is found to be the main source of anomalous transport, and the parameter $\eta_e = L_{n_e}/L_{T_e}$ is strongly correlated with the structure of the pedestal. Here,...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Achieving GeV-class proton beams with high laser-to-proton conversion efficiency remains challenging because the accelerating field rapidly dephases from the ion population and the bunch thermally debunches during sheath-dominated expansion. We propose and numerically demonstrate a dual-pulse micronozzle acceleration (DP–MNA) scheme that alleviates this efficiency–energy trade-off by enforcing...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Laser-driven ion acceleration toward sub-GeV/GeV-class proton energies is fundamentally limited by the trade-off between peak energy and laser-to-proton conversion efficiency, which originates from rapid dephasing between the accelerating field and the ion population. We propose a dual-pulse micronozzle acceleration (DP–MNA) scheme that enforces phase-locked acceleration to alleviate this...
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James Winston Tumbokon (EPFL)Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Electron Cyclotron Emission (ECE) is a widely used diagnostic technique in tokamaks as a 1D measurement of electron temperature along a line of sight, with high spatial and temporal resolution. The low-field side (LFS) ECE in TCV uses heterodyne radiometry to downconvert the mm-wave emission (centered around 80 GHz) to an intermediate frequency (IF) signal (2-20 GHz), which is then split into...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
The formation of coherent structures and their impact on the system have always been a significant enigma in non-equilibrium physics. This constitutes a key scientific question in crucial areas such as cosmic evolution, the origin of life, and the space and terrestrial climate environment. Specifically in magnetically confined fusion, coherent structures alter plasma transport properties. They...
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Plasma Processing and Applications (LTDP)Poster Presentation
Fluorocarbon (FC) layer formation controls profile integrity in high aspect ratio etching. Low substrate temperature enhances polymer accumulation and modifies surface reaction balance. This study investigates the effect of H₂O addition on FC layer formation and etching behavior of SiO₂ and Si₃N₄ films in CₓFᵧ plasmas. An inductively coupled plasma chamber generates CF₄ and C₄F₈ plasmas under...
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Stellarator Physics and Optimisation (MCF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
A quantitative understanding of the impact of magnetic islands (MIs) on transport and their possible role in enhanced confinement is important for the design and optimization of future stellarator devices. The Wendelstein 7-X stellarator allows for magnetic configurations where static 5/5 MIs form near the separatrix inside the confined region. These configurations have been found to provide...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
A dispersion relation is derived for driftwave instabilities to include the effect of profile curvature \emph{i.e.} the second order radial variation in pressure $d^2P/dr^2$. Typically in deriving local dispersion relations [S. Ichimaru, CRC Press, 1973], only the first order radial variation in pressure, \emph{i.e.} $dP/dr$ term, is considered. This is because usually fluctuations associated...
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Edge and Pedestal Physics (MCF)Poster Presentation
Optimization of the higher order moments – specifically the squareness $\xi$ – of a tokamak cross-section can significantly enhance the stability to ideal magnetohydrodynamic ballooning and kink modes. At conventional aspect ratios, it was shown that access to the second regime of ballooning stability is facilitated by moderate squareness [1]. Increasing plasma squareness $\xi$ is expected to...
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Disruptions and Runaway Electrons (MCF)Poster Presentation
The Toroidal Field (TF) is the strongest magnetic field component in tokamak devices. It is produced by a dedicated set of windings (the so called TF coils), which ideally should generate a purely toroidal magnetic field decaying as 1/r, r being the distance from the vertical axis. Due to the deviations from the ideal geometry of a perfect toroidal solenoid (segmentation, non-cylindrical...
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Philipp Zenz (Fusion@OEAW, Graz University of Technology)Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Nonaxisymmetric magnetic perturbations in tokamaks play an important role in determining plasma rotation by generating neoclassical toroidal viscous (NTV) torque [1]. Such threedimensional magnetic perturbations arise from a variety of external and internal sources, including resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) coils, intrinsic error fields, and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) activity. Since...
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Mr Yuesong Li (Department of Engineering and Applied Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China)Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Previous gyrokinetic studies have shown that zonal flows (ZFs) can be driven by turbulent energy flux[1,2] and turbulent poloidal Reynolds stress[3]. Recently, several studies[4,5] show that the presence of impurities has very weak influence on the ratio of the residual to the initial zonal potential, $\delta\phi(\infty)/\delta\phi(0)$, driven by initial charge density perturbations in the...
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Helen Kaang (KOREA INSTITUTE OF FUSION ENERGY (KFE))Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Intrinsic rotation, a spontaneously generated toroidal plasma flow without external momentum input, is expected to play an important role in enhancing confinement by effectively suppressing plasma instabilities. Our previous work, (Kaang et al., PoP 2018) demonstrated that global electromagnetic (EM) effects induce mode asymmetry by gradually transforming the parity of EM-ITG modes from even...
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Takayoshi Sano (Institute of Laser Engineering, The University of Osaka,)Laboratory Astrophysics (BSAP)Oral Presentation
We investigate an efficient mechanism for gamma-ray generation based on
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relativistic two-wave resonance driven by ultra-intense
counter-propagating laser pulses in a strongly magnetized plasma. In the
presence of a sufficiently strong external magnetic field, electrons can
simultaneously resonate with both laser fields, enabling sustained and
coherent energy transfer from the... -
Other - MCFPoster Presentation
Compact torus (CT) injection is a promising technique for active control of plasma density profiles in magnetic confinement fusion devices. To explore CT trajectories and fuel deposition features, we designed a progressive experimental scheme using a high speed compact torus injector (KTX-CTI) with an integrated diagnostic system on the Keda Torus eXperiment (KTX) reversed field pinch device....
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Disruptions and Runaway Electrons (MCF)Poster Presentation
This work benchmarks different reconstruction methods for disruption-induced EM forces [1], using experimental data from the COMPASS tokamak [2]. Two approaches are compared: a direct diagnostic approach enabled by the excellent magnetic diagnostics coverage of COMPASS, and a magnetic source decoupling approach, applicable in more general contexts and adaptable to detailed component studies....
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Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Poster Presentation
Injection of electron cyclotron (EC) waves can initiate plasma breakdown in tokamaks even prior to the application of a loop voltage, offering a non-inductive start-up path for future reactor-scale devices. Extending EC breakdown to future devices requires a predictive framework capable of quantifying operational requirements such as minimum EC beam power, prefill pressure, and connection...
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Solar and Space Plasmas (BSAP)Oral Presentation
In collisionless plasma, several processes contribute to plasma heating and energy dissipation. One such example is wave-particle interactions between electromagnetic whistler waves and electrons. In the solar wind, the whistler-heat flux instability is known to regulate the electron heat flux by pitch-angle scattering of strahl electrons. Similar instabilities are believed to operate in...
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Mohammad Yasir (Indian Institute of Technology Delhi)Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Recent advancements in laser technology now allow researchers to generate modestly intense vortex (Laguerre–Gaussian) beams, raising important questions about their interactions with plasma targets. Application relevant studies have already been performed and enhanced particle beam collimation has been demonstrated. However, fundamental studies pertaining to electron dynamics and heating have...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
The interaction of a high-intensity laser pulse with a near-critical plasma target can lead to the generation of electron beams via direct laser acceleration (DLA) in a plasma channel [1]. This mechanism yields electron beams that are relatively collimated (divergence ~0.1 rad), with charge in the tens of nC, (up to μC [2]) and an exponential energy spectrum with ‘temperatures’ in the tens of...
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Fundamental Plasma Physics - Theory (BSAP)Poster Presentation
Electron-impact excitation and ionization processes in a nonextensive plasma are examined within the framework of Tsallis q-entropy. The ionization probability is evaluated as a function of the impact parameter by employing a semiclassical trajectory method. The analysis shows that the presence of Tsallis q-entropy leads to a reduction in the electron-impact ionization cross section. The...
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Edge and Pedestal Physics (MCF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
Recent studies during the 2025 experimental campaign in ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) have achieved negative triangularity (NT) shaping beyond previous limits. This new set of experiments, guided by the ideal-MHD stability calculations using the BALOO code and supported by predictive results from TCV, have demonstrated a transition to an edge more stable against
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peeling ballooning modes, leading to... -
Edge and Pedestal Physics (MCF)Poster Presentation
Understanding the physics of high n_e regimes free of Type-I ELMs will be critical for reactor operation. This study focuses on one such regime, the EDA H-mode on Alcator C-Mod, using experimental profile and interpretive stability analysis. Recent work focused on analysis of dimensionless parameters at the separatrix [1], following from a similar study of the QCE on AUG [2]. The dataset...
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Plasma Control (MCF)Poster Presentation
RFXmod2 — starting operations in 2027 as an improved version of the former RFXmod — is the largest Reversed Field Pinch (RFP) fusion device in the world. It features a flexible power supply, along with advanced feedback control systems, that allows it to operate in other magnetic configurations, such as the tokamak. RFP plasmas typically exhibit almost cyclic relaxation phenomena (namely,...
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Oral Presentation
Energetic particles (EPs) provide plasma heating and current drive in fusion devices, but their confinement can be strongly affected by Alfvén eigenmodes (AEs) and other instabilities, with implications for performance and plasma–wall interactions in ITER and DEMO. Recent experiments on the Tokamak à Configuration Variable (TCV) have advanced the physics basis for AE excitation and control in...
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
Accurate prediction of energetic-particle transport remains a major challenge because existing EP transport models often rely on simplified quasilinear or diffusive assumptions and, more generally, are restricted to representations of transport processes in configuration space, which do not fully capture resonant, non-Maxwellian phase-space dynamics. Reliable prediction of energetic-particle...
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
Spontaneous, strongly supra-thermal ion cyclotron emission (ICE) has been detected in many laboratory and space plasmas, and is usually attributed to some form of velocity space inversion in an energetic ion population. As such, it provides a natural, passive diagnostic of these ions that can be combined with other measurements to provide a more comprehensive understanding of their behaviour....
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Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Poster Presentation
Recent experiments in the Large Helical Device (LHD) have identified a striking transport bifurcation driven by energetic-ion phase-space anisotropy. This phenomenon manifests as the emergence of two distinct density states—peaked (#182744) and flattened (#182745)—under nearly identical macroscopic conditions. This study investigates the physical origin of this bifurcation by focusing on the...
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Ultra-high Intensity Laser-matter Interaction and High-field Physics (BPIF)Poster Presentation
We show that conversion efficiency in ultra-relativistic laser-plasma interactions is self-similar with the density to relativistic critical density ratio. Using a PIC code, we simulate an array of ultra-intense ($> 10^{21}\,\text{Wcm}^{-2}$) laser-solid interactions at different target densities and laser intensities. It is found that the total conversion efficiency is not dependent on the...
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Dr Petr Valenta (ELI Beamlines Facility, The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC, Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic)Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Using advanced particle-in-cell simulation techniques combined with Bayesian optimization, we determine the maximum electron energy that a self-guided laser wakefield accelerator driven by a laser of a given energy and wavelength can produce [1, 2]. By systematically optimizing accelerator performance across a range of laser energies and wavelengths, we identify new scaling laws for both the...
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High Energy Density Plasmas, Warm Dense Matter, and Atomic Physics in Plasmas (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Equations of state (EoS) are essential to close the conservation equations in hydrodynamic simulations commonly used in many fields of application, such as inertial confinement fusion (ICF) [1] and planetary science [2]. They set a relationship between the state variables of a medium and are generally constructed on a given grid in density-temperature by a chosen first-principles-based model...
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Plasma Processing and Applications (LTDP)Plenary and Invited Presentation
Nature’s ingenuity is epitomised by nanometre‐scale architectures, as for example the lotus leaf’s self‐cleaning surface and the moth eye’s anti-reflective design. Following nature’s example, surfaces of materials can be manipulated and modified with plasmas to alter properties such as colour, wettability, reactivity, or to influence the interface and the interactions of surfaces with...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Recently, enhanced impurity transport was observed in the core region of high-density NBI-heated discharges in the Large Helical Device (LHD) during the continuous dropping of lithium (Li) granules into its plasma edge [1]. It was observed in these experiments that continuous Li-granule dropping induced also an enhancement of plasma confinement, this being attributed to a reduction of...
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Stellarator Physics and Optimisation (MCF)Poster Presentation
W7-X has shown that magnetic optimization can drastically reduce neoclassical transport; however, turbulent transport now dominates and limits overall confinement. This paradigm shift emphasizes the need to consider turbulent transport in stellarator optimization alongside neoclassical effects. Modern quasi-isodynamic (QI) stellarator designs, such as Stellaris [1], are developed to minimize...
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Plasma Processing and Applications (LTDP)Poster Presentation
Plasma surface treatment is widely used to modify wood surfaces by increasing surface energy, removing weak boundary layers, and introducing polar functional groups, thereby enhancing adhesive interactions. This study investigated the effect of low temperature plasma treatment on the bonding performance of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) using a...
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Fundamental Plasma Physics - Theory (BSAP)Poster Presentation
As part of the APEX collaboration (An Electron Positron eXperiment) this work supports the experimental results obtained with pure electron plasmas in a levitated dipole trap using two distinct computational methods. The levitated dipole trap confines electrons on closed, purely poloidal magnetic field lines around a superconducting coil that is floating in a vacuum chamber due to external...
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
The control of plasma-wall interactions (PWI) such as erosion and deposition of high-Z material, as well as the understanding of impurity migration are key challenges for stable operation of fusion devices. Plasma performance becomes critical once the core concentration of high-Z material is too high. To strengthen earlier findings in view of the change to a full tungsten (W) machine in the...
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Haochuan Wang (Department of Engineering and Applied Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China)Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
The ion-temperature-gradient (ITG) mode is one of the most extensively studied drift-wave instabilities[1]. In the linear regime, unlike initial-value codes which require time evolution, eigenvalue codes can efficiently compute eigenvalues and eigenmode structures, which are useful for analyzing experimental observations[2]. Existing eigenvalue solvers — including solvers developed in...
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Ultra-high Intensity Laser-matter Interaction and High-field Physics (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Ultra-intense laser–plasma interactions and plasma-based electron accelerators provide access to regimes where radiation reaction significantly influences particle dynamics. The Landau–Lifshitz (LL) equation provides the standard classical description and admits exact analytical solutions in a plane-wave background, as demonstrated by Di Piazza [1]. In this geometry, the solution can be...
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
The scrape-off-layer (SOL) of Wendelstein 7-X provides a novel environment for turbulence and other plasma phenomena. The divertor intersects the plasma at toroidally-discrete locations. As a result, the W7-X SOL is unique as it includes patches of constant parallel connection length to the sheath, separated by abrupt transitions. The free energy transfer in the SOL is a combination of...
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Edge and Pedestal Physics (MCF)Poster Presentation
Gyrokinetic (GK) stability affects the performance of high confinement mode pedestals in spherical tokamak devices [1 – 3]. High-fidelity gyrokinetic (GK) models, such as GENE [4], capture features of pedestal turbulence, but the required computational resources and time consumption of such simulations prevent the routine applicability of these models in integrated modelling workflows. Machine...
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Fabian Solfronk (Max-Planck-Institut fuer Plasmaphysik (IPP))Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Poster Presentation
Substantial progress towards fusion reactors is expected in the coming years for both tokamaks and stellarators. Achieving this progress requires accurate predictions of plasma evolution. Integrated modelling frameworks such as JINTRAC and TOPICS enable detailed, time-dependent multi-physics simulations but typically involve long computation times. Fenix complements such suites as a 'flight...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Oral Presentation
Laser-plasma particle acceleration based on solid targets [1] is promising for many applications, from nuclear medicine to materials characterization. Laser-plasma sources can generate different radiations (e.g., ions and photons), allow for energy tuning, and can operate within potentially compact setups. Control over the laser (e.g., intensity) and target parameters (e.g., thickness) enables...
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Laboratory Astrophysics (BSAP)Oral Presentation
Classical transport theory predicts that, in a magnetised, collisional plasma, the heat flux parallel to magnetic field lines is given by Spitzer’s theory of heat conduction for unmagnetised plasmas. Numerous recent theoretical and computational studies have called this prediction into question for weakly collisional magnetised plasmas in which thermal pressure dominates magnetic pressure...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Oral Presentation
Laser-driven plasma accelerators generate ultra-short (picosecond-femtosecond) and extremely high dose-rate (10$^{10}$ -10$^{13}$ Gy/s) radiation sources that can induce unique cellular responses. These beams deliver multi-Gy doses on timescales overlapping with the earliest physico-chemical stages of radiation interaction. We present the in vitro cell response of biological samples to...
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413. Experimental identification of turbulence mediators facilitating nonlocal heat transport in LHDPlasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Identifying the elusive 'mediator' structures that facilitate nonlocal transport, in which thermodynamic fluxes respond to forces in distant regions, remains a fundamental challenge across turbulent fluids, geophysical flows, and disordered materials. In magnetically confined plasmas, while nonlocal behaviors like hysteresis in flux-gradient relations are frequently observed, direct detection...
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Laboratory Astrophysics (BSAP)Oral Presentation
Shocks are fundamental drivers of energy dissipation in both astrophysical and laboratory plasmas. A quantitative understanding of how shock dynamics evolve as particle collisions become infrequent, transitioning from collisional to collisionless regimes, remains a frontier problem. Even in the collisional regime, the thermal precursor acts as a critical region where non-thermal effects may...
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Fundamental Plasma Physics - Laboratory (BSAP)Poster Presentation
Inward particle transport plays a critical role in the formation of transport barriers and the improvement of plasma confinement. It is closely associated with the development of peaked density profiles, which significantly improve the fusion rate and contribute to achieving steady-state discharge. Although previous studies have indicated that shear flows can influence inward particle flux,...
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
The divertor transient response to gas puffing must be well understood to facilitate the operation of future tokamaks, and plays an important role in the interpretation of present-day divertor studies performed using density ramps. Dynamic gas puffing experiments at the Tokamak à Configuration Variable (TCV) [1] reveal that transient effects can significantly impact the experimental plasma...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Sub-ion scale turbulence plays an important role in magnetized plasmas, particularly in high-confinement fusion plasmas where it can be destabilized in pedestal regions. We experimentally investigate sub-ion-scale turbulence in a linear magnetized plasma using a multi-channel probe array, resolving its spatiotemporal dynamics and parameter dependence. The observed turbulence exhibits...
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Ultra-high Intensity Laser-matter Interaction and High-field Physics (BPIF)Oral Presentation
Strong-field QED (SFQED) is the regime of physics where effective fields are comparable to Ec = 1.3 x 1018 V/m, the critical field of QED. In this regime several exotic processes can be observed such as non-linear Compton scattering and non-linear Breit-Wheeler pair production. In addition, radiation reaction - the recoil experienced by particles radiating in these fields...
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Edge and Pedestal Physics (MCF)Poster Presentation
Micro-tearing modes (MTMs), electromagnetic instabilities driven by electron temperature gradients, are key to anomalous electron heat transport in magnetic confinement fusion plasmas. This work reports the first experimental identification of MTMs in the pedestal of EAST superconducting tokamak during inter-ELM periods of Elmy H-mode discharges. MTMs were detected via Electron Cyclotron...
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Masato Matsuoka (Nagoya University)Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
Alpha particles produced by D-T reactions play a crucial role in heating bulk plasma in fusion reactors, and their confinement is required to sustain fusion burning plasmas. However, fast ions such as alpha particles interact with Alfven Eigenmodes (AEs), leading to anomalous transport. Thus, the understanding of interactions between fast ions and AEs is essential for the realization of...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Laser-solid interactions in the ultra-intense regime (>10$^{18}$ W cm$^{-2}$) rely primarily on the coupling of laser energy into the electron population of the target. Accelerated “fast” electrons drive all subsequent target behaviour, such as X-ray emission and proton acceleration. Targets with nanostructures on the front surface promise vast improvements in laser-electron coupling, with...
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Disruptions and Runaway Electrons (MCF)Poster Presentation
Major disruptions in tokamak plasmas can generate high-energy runaway electron (RE) beam, posing a significant threat to device safety. Massive impurity injection is a primary method for mitigating and dissipating runaway electrons, yet it faces the persistent challenge of achieving the Rosenbluth electron density required for complete RE generation suppression. In recent years, wave-runaway...
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Laser and Particle Beam Interaction with Plasmas, Hydrodynamics and Instabilities (BPIF)Poster Presentation
The interaction of high-power laser pulses with low-density porous materials is of significant interest for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and high-energy-density physics. In such targets, the foam homogenization timescale and the resulting plasma conditions strongly affect laser–plasma coupling. We report on an experimental study of laser interaction with ultra-low-density SiO₂ foam...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
In the J-TEXT fall 2025 experiments, it was found that during ohmic discharges under identical parameters such as toroidal field current and similar conditions, helium plasma achieved a higher density limit compared to hydrogen plasma solely through gas puffing, even exceeding the Greenwald density limit. In hydrogen‑helium mixed plasma experiments, it was observed that as the helium...
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Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
Pixelated hybrid detectors, such as Timepix3, enable spatially and temporally resolved measurements of photons and are highly valuable for diagnosing high-energy electron populations. In particular, they provide a compact tool for studying runaway electrons in tokamaks via detection of bremsstrahlung radiation.
This contribution summarizes progress in the development and experimental...
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Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Poster Presentation
As fusion technology rapidly advances, driven in part by growing synergy between research institutions and private companies, the IGNITOR experiment gains renewed relevance due to its ability to access plasma regimes close to ignition [1-3]. Its realization would address the remaining gaps in the understanding of burning plasmas that are critical for the success of the forthcoming fusion...
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
Monte Carlo simulation of neutral particles in plasmas is explored using an unstructured mesh through Parallel Unstructured Mesh Infrastructure (PUMI) Tally [1]. Neutral particle transport is typically modelled using Monte Carlo simulation on constructive solid geometry (CSG) as in, for example Degas 2 [2] or EIRENE [3]. CSG allows for computationally efficient mathematical relations to...
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Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Poster Presentation
The Divertor Tokamak Test (DTT) facility, which is currently under construction in Frascati, will be dedicated to developing credible solutions for heat and particle exhaust. The facility assesses the compatibility of exhaust solutions with reactor-relevant core performance in a core-edge integrated approach. Its design phase has been supported by intensive scenario modelling, facilitating the...
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Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Poster Presentation
Using MAST-U as a testbed and employing predict-first workflows for coil current optimization to obtain stable plasma shapes, this work examines how trade-offs between neutral beam timing, density control, divertor closure, and plasma shaping enable access to high-q, high-βe scenarios compatible with detached Super-X divertor (SXD) operation.
Early application of NBIs enables rapid access...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Zonal flows (ZFs) are radially-sheared $\mathbf{E}\times\mathbf{B}$ poloidal flows that are believed to play a role in the L-H transition in tokamaks. The zonal potential $\phi_\mathrm{ZF}=\phi(k_x, k_y=0)$ is constant on a flux surface, so it does not drive radial transport; on the contrary, the variation of $\phi_\mathrm{ZF}$ across flux surfaces causes differential rotation that shears...
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Disruptions and Runaway Electrons (MCF)Poster Presentation
Understanding and controlling runaway electrons (REs) remains a critical challenge for future tokamak reactors. While REs are initially accelerated by strong electric fields, their maximum energy and confinement are strongly influenced by pitch-angle dynamics, which determine synchrotron damping and particle losses. Applied three-dimensional (3D) magnetic fields offer multiple pathways to...
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Stellarator Physics and Optimisation (MCF)Poster Presentation
Recent records for triple-product at Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) have been achieved using a combination of neutral beam injection (NBI) and electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH). To push the boundaries of operation and achievable performance parameters further, an upgrade of the NBI from 4 to 6 and possibly later to 8 sources is under consideration. In this study, we assess the extended...
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Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Poster Presentation
Electron Cyclotron (EC) waves are playing an increasingly important role in the operation of next-generation fusion devices: Electron Cyclotron Resonant Heating (ECRH), will be the main plasma heating mechanism, and Electron Cyclotron Current Drive (ECCD) will be fundamental in controlling instabilities like sawteeth and Neoclassical Tearing Modes (NTM) [1]; in superconducting devices, EC...
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Dusty and Strongly Coupled Plasmas (LTDP)Poster Presentation
Nanoparticles spontaneously nucleate from gaseous chemical precursors in low temperature argon plasmas, forming a chemically active nano dusty plasma that contains both the background plasma and solid particles (dust). These particles remain levitated through a balance of electric, ion drag, and gravitational forces. While suspended, they grow linearly in size until the force balance can no...
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Laboratory Astrophysics (BSAP)Oral Presentation
Relativistic electron–positron (pair) plasmas play a central role in extreme astrophysical environments, including gamma-ray bursts and pulsar winds, yet their microphysics remains poorly constrained by observations. The Fireball programme generates dense, relativistic electron–positron beams in the laboratory, enabling controlled studies of pair-plasma instabilities and particle acceleration...
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Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Poster Presentation
It is well known that the measured propagation and absorption profiles of RF wave beams in laboratory torus plasmas tend to be spatially broader than those predicted by numerical simulations. We have approached resolving this discrepancy by improving the accuracy of the theoretical models used in numerical calculations. The wave beam propagation in inhomogeneous plasmas has conventionally been...
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774. Fast electron generation during tokamak startup: experiments and simulations in the TCV tokamakDisruptions and Runaway Electrons (MCF)Poster Presentation
This presentation addresses recent work at the TCV tokamak aimed at a better characterization and understanding of the dynamics of the burn-through phase leveraging on both experiments and simulations. In particular, the conditions giving rise to a significant amount of fast electrons during the startup phase has come under scrutiny [1]. After developing a robust startup scenario with strong...
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
Understanding fast ion (FI) transport is crucial in tokamaks, to ensure core plasma heating and avoid losses and potential damages to the vessel [1]. Despite recent progresses in diagnostics and simulations in tokamaks [2-4], performing fundamental studies of FI dynamics is a challenging endeavor in fusion plasmas. Basic plasma physics devices such as TORPEX (major radius 1 m, minor radius 0.2...
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
Turbulence at the plasma edge enhances particle and energy radial fluxes, which are transported through the scrape-off layer (SOL), with most of the exhaust deposited on the divertor surfaces. Filamentary structures in the SOL play a key role in this turbulent cross-field transport. For fixed separatrix conditions, longer decay lengths of electron temperature and density lead to increased heat...
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Disruptions and Runaway Electrons (MCF)Poster Presentation
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\title{Fast transient initiation in tokamaks}
\author{Wayne Arter, UKAEA Culham Campus\
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Alasdair Roy, University of... -
Plasma Control (MCF)Poster Presentation
Real-time feedback control is a key enabling technology for stable, high-performance operation of the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) stellarator. The systems implemented so far allow precise regulation of essential plasma parameters, robust response to transient events, and reliable long-pulse operation across a wide range of magnetic configurations and plasma regimes. This summary provides an...
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Laser and Particle Beam Interaction with Plasmas, Hydrodynamics and Instabilities (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Femtosecond laser-induced plasma filaments for beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration
M. Galletti1*, A. Biagioni1, M. Carillo1, L. Crincoli1, R. Demitra1,2, M. Ferrario1,
G. Parise1, R. Pompili1, F. Stocchi1,3, L. Verra1, F. Villa1, and A. Zigler1,41 INFN- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 40, 00044 Frascati (RM), Italy
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2 Sapienza, University of Rome 00161, Rome,... -
Other - LTDPPlenary and Invited Presentation
Large-scale rectangular magnetrons are central to industrial high-throughput coating, yet their theoretical description remains challenging due to the complex topology of their non-axisymmetric magnetic fields. We construct field-aligned Clebsch-type flux coordinates for the confinement region above the cathode, starting from a physically admissible vacuum field generated by an optimized...
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Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
Laser-based Thomson scattering is a standard diagnostic for the electron density and temperature in basic plasma physics and fusion research. While it is one of the most convenient diagnostics to measure these quantities spatially resolved and reliably for a wide temperature and density range, only a small fraction of the incident laser light is scattered and, consequently, signal levels are...
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
The HALO (HAgis LOcust) code [1] is a full orbit implementation of the perturbative delta-f approach, allowing nonlinear modelling of any bulk plasma eigenmode at arbitrary frequency using the Vlasov–Maxwell system of equations. HALO tracks a population of weighted markers through Hamiltonian orbits in phase space under the influence of a discrete spectrum of fixed-frequency, time-evolving...
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
Edge plasma transport in tokamaks is intrinsically three-dimensional in the presence of non-axisymmetric magnetic perturbations such as ripple. This work presents the first fully 3D flux-surface-aligned geometry implemented in SOLEDGE3X, enabling the self-consistent treatment of non-axisymmetric flux surfaces.
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SOLEDGE3X is a drift-reduced fluid code for edge plasma transport and turbulence,... -
SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
This work presents the KINetic Deterministic NEutral Solver (KINDNES) and its first benchmark with EIRENE (Reiter et al., 2005). Neutral particle dynamics are crucial for fluid and gyrokinetic edge plasma simulations in magnetically confined devices. While most existing neutral models fall into either deterministic fluid approximations or Monte Carlo kinetic models, KINDNES offers the...
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Plasma Control (MCF)Oral Presentation
This work presents the first use of real-time (RT) sensors provided by the eXtraordinary mode (X-mode) reflectometry for density and plasma position control. Density control using Ordinary (O-mode) reflectometry as a sensor was demonstrated in Asdex-Upgrade in 2010 [[1]][1], but requires an assumption on the density profile position. On the contrary, the X-mode reflectometry enables to...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Oral Presentation
Laser-wakefield accelerators (LWFAs), which accelerate electrons in plasma waves driven by short intense laser pulses, have demonstrated the ability to produce high-quality electron beams with energies up to several GeV. One of the fundamental limitations for reaching ever higher energies is dephasing, when ultrarelativistic electrons outrun the wakefield and slip into its decelerating phase....
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Fundamental Plasma Physics - Laboratory (BSAP)Oral Presentation
In the MHD inertial range (scales larger than ion-kinetic scales) turbulent fluctuations in the solar wind are often Alfvénic in character, meaning that their magnetic and flow velocity fluctuations are proportional to each other and predominantly perpendicular to the background magnetic field. However, observations of the solar wind have shown that there is a significant difference in the...
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Edge and Pedestal Physics (MCF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
Edge Localised Modes (ELMs) - a periodic MHD instability ubiquitous in H-mode tokamak plasmas - are projected to degrade the plasma facing components of reactor scale devices, and so pose a threat to the viability of tokamak based commercial fusion power[2]. By applying Resonant Magnetic Perturbations (RMPs) ELMs can be mitigated, in which the ELM frequency is increased and energy content...
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Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
A multi-view soft x-ray (SXR) diagnostic based on multiwire proportional chambers (MW-PCs) is being developed for the Tokamak à Configuration variable to provide soft x-ray emission from the plasma, 2D investigations of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) activity and core electron temperature (Te) dynamics.
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The diagnostic consists of four discrete cameras placed on the high-field side and low-field... -
Edge and Pedestal Physics (MCF)Poster Presentation
To design a divertor that is robust against inevitable transient changes in upstream conditions, it is important to understand the physics that governs detachment burn-through. Specifically, to understand what sets the timescales and degree to which the neutral buffer is both “burned through” (by increased plasma energy) and “re-detached” (by a subsequent reduction in plasma energy). To this...
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Fundamental Plasma Physics - Theory (BSAP)Poster Presentation
Landau damping is a phenomenon that occurs in collisionless plasmas governed by the Vlasov equation, which possesses time-reversal symmetry, yet it appears at first glance to be an irreversible process. On the other hand, the fluctuation theorem derived from reversible dynamics shows that the ratio of the probabilities of entropy production to entropy reduction grows exponentially with time,...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Operation of future tokamak reactors relies on achieving high-confinement scenarios without unacceptably high transient heat fluxes due to type-I ELMs. ELM-free H-modes (such as QH-mode, EDA H-mode, and others) represent a possible solution for avoiding giant ELMs. The transition to H-mode can occur via an intermediate state known as I-phase, characterised by limit-cycle oscillations (LCOs)....
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Fundamental Plasma Physics - Theory (BSAP)Poster Presentation
Reduced models are important for describing the multiscale nonlinear dynamics typical of fluid and plasma turbulence. In this spirit, Hybrid Lattices (HLs) are proposed in order to provide a novel framework to investigate turbulent cascades in Fourier space, bridging regular grids and models based on logarithmic discretizations. The approach combines a regular spectral region, capable of...
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Fundamental Plasma Physics - Theory (BSAP)Poster Presentation
Understanding the kinetic properties of strongly nonlinear electromagnetic waves in highly magnetized pair plasmas is essential for establishing the connection between radiation produced near neutron stars and the radiation that ultimately escapes and is observed. In this work, we identify and analyse a previously unaccounted, to the best of our knowledge, nonlinear process affecting X-mode...
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Inertial Confinement Fusion (BPIF)Poster Presentation
In the central hotspot approach to inertial confinement fusion, the hotspot serves as the spark plug, initiating thermonuclear burn at the core of the fusion fuel. The hotspot conditions are highly sensitive to drive asymmetries, hydrodynamic instabilities, and impurities. Measuring the history of the hotspot in fusion experiments, from formation to the final density and temperature...
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Plasma Control (MCF)Poster Presentation
For future tokamaks and present-day operations, accurate design of discharge trajectories and actuator schemes, supported by closed-loop simulations, is essential. Fast and reliable tools are needed to reproduce plasma equilibrium and profile evolution for discharge optimization, and control-system validation. Pulse Design Tools (PDT) meet these needs by optimizing plasma and actuator...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Transport bifurcation and hysteresis remain fundamental challenges for reduced modeling of plasma turbulence. Turbulent transport is not determined solely by external control parameters such as background gradients or flow shear, but depends strongly on the macroscopic turbulent state. Numerical studies of local turbulence systems, including the Hasegawa–Wakatani model and gyrokinetic...
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Laser and Particle Beam Interaction with Plasmas, Hydrodynamics and Instabilities (BPIF)Poster Presentation
In the context of inertial confinement fusion energy (IFE), it is necessary to mitigate laser– plasma instabilities to avoid drive degradation and to preserve irradiation symmetry. This is achieved through laser beam smoothing, which typically involves spectral broadening and
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frequency dispersion to reduce spatial and temporal laser coherences. Hot spots in the speckle pattern act as seeds... -
Plasma Processing and Applications (LTDP)Plenary and Invited Presentation
The field of machine learning (ML) in plasma science has experienced an immense development in the past decade [1], advancing low-temperature plasma modeling and simulation, as well as experiments and diagnostics [2,3]. Part of this development relates to plasma processing, enabling fine control over tailored material properties at the nanoscale. In this study, plasma processing of SiO$_x$/Cu...
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Plasma Processing and Applications (LTDP)Plenary and Invited Presentation
The global demand for high-quality graphene continues to drive the search for sustainable, scalable, and cost-effective synthesis methods. Among the most promising emerging technologies, microwave-induced plasmas generated by the TIAGO torch (Torche à Injection Axiale sur Guide d’Ondes) offer a streamlined, catalyst-free, and environmentally friendly approach to producing few-layered graphene...
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Nastasija Petkovic (Ghent University, Belgium and Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic)Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
In L-mode plasmas, cross-field transport in the scrape-off layer (SOL) is predominantly driven by turbulent filamentary structures known as blobs [1]. Blobs contribute to enhanced particle and heat transport, affecting edge plasma confinement, divertor heat loads, and plasma-wall interactions. While blob dynamics at the midplane have been studied extensively [2, 3], their downstream impact at...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Poster Presentation
This talk will showcase how ELI Beamlines has transitioned several laser‑driven radiation sources from laboratory demonstrations to reliable, user‑grade X‑ray beamlines. The contribution will present the kHz K‑alpha source, coherent HHG beamline, 3.3 Hz hard X-ray plasma betatron line, and a 100-MeV inverse Compton source, emphasizing reproducibility, online diagnostics, and day‑to‑day...
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
The new 2024 ITER baseline introduces a tungsten (W) first wall (FW), requiring renewed assessments of plasma-wall interactions and their impact on achieving the Q=10 performance target. This contribution provides a brief update of the status of ITER, and focusses on assessments of how the new wall material will impact key phases of ITER scenarios, from burn-through in limiter configuration,...
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
Neoclassical tearing modes (NTM) are a major threat for future tokamaks operation like ITER due to their significant impact on radial energy transport and ability to trigger major disruptions. Active mitigation methods are installed on tokamaks to either prevent their onset or control the magnetic island size.
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This work, conducted with the AMON reduced MHD code [1], enables a coherent... -
Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Poster Presentation
The Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI) is emerging as a state-of-the-art user facility providing open access to ultrashort laser–plasma–driven particle and radiation sources for advanced radiobiology and cancer research [1]. ELI delivers femtosecond-class laser pulses generating ultrafast ionizing radiation characterized by extremely high instantaneous dose rates (10⁷–10¹² Gy/s), enabling...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Oral Presentation
State-of-the-art nanolithography uses extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation at 13.5 nm emitted from tin laser-produced plasma (LPP), driven by a 10.6 µm-wavelength CO2-gas laser, to create the smallest features on semiconductor devices. Advances in solid-state laser technologies have led to the alternative concept of a 2 µm-wavelength-driven LPP as a promising candidate for a more efficient and...
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Stellarator Physics and Optimisation (MCF)Poster Presentation
Ion cyclotron resonance frequency (ICRF) heating is an important auxiliary-heating method for stellarators, but full-wave modeling is challenging because the magnetic equilibrium, plasma boundary, antenna and surrounding conducting structures are intrinsically three-dimensional. We present an experiment-informed workflow for ICRF modeling in Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) using the Petra-M...
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Plasma Processing and Applications (LTDP)Plenary and Invited Presentation
The development of functional bionanocomposites has gained significant attention due to their potential in sustainable materials, biomedical applications, and advanced functional coatings [1-4]. Non-thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Induced Liquid Chemistry (PiLC) is an emerging green synthesis route that enables the fabrication of nanocomposites with tailored functionalities, eliminating...
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Power Plant Design (MCF)Poster Presentation
The 2025 EUROfusion Low Aspect Ratio (LAR) Gate Review established a validated reference configuration for a European demonstration reactor [1] through an integrated physics-engineering design process. As the European fusion roadmap evolves towards a Pilot Plant and, ultimately, a Fusion Power Plant (FPP) [2], future stakeholder requirements and design assumptions are expected to evolve beyond...
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Inertial Confinement Fusion (BPIF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
Turbulence increases the reactivity of fusion plasma, allowing ignition at lower temperature. This “shear flow reactivity enhancement” [1] occurs because in plasmas, as opposed to other fluids, particles’ collisional mean free paths increase rapidly with their velocity. In sheared flows, and in solenoidal turbulent flows [2], energetic particles can travel long distances and pass between...
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
Future fusion devices face a critical challenge in managing extreme heat loads at the plasma edge and plasma-facing components. While advanced kinetic simulation codes can model non-local heat transport and plasma-wall interactions, solving high-dimensional partial differential equations, such as the Vlasov-Fokker-Planck equation computationally expensive. A common approach to solving this...
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
A new analytic model is developed for tearing modes valid over their linear and nonlinear growth, and ultimately their saturation. The model includes full toroidal geometry, encapsulating Glasser-Greene-Johnson effects, accounting for low-n ballooning corrections in a continuous way from the linear to the non-linear stage, while the mode width evolves from the linear resistive layer width...
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Ultra-high Intensity Laser-matter Interaction and High-field Physics (BPIF)Poster Presentation
The reflection of ultra-intense laser pulses from a plasma mirror is a highly promising approach for reaching unprecedented field intensities experimentally, and could become a central tool for the next generation of fundamental physics experiments. During this reflection, the relativistic oscillation of the plasma mirror surface Doppler-shifts the reflected pulse down to the extreme...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Poster Presentation
I-LUCE (INFN-Laser indUCEd Radiation Production) at INFN-LNS (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud) hosts a laser-plasma accelerator (LPA) designed to support a diverse experimental program—including electron, proton, and neutron radiation generation, fusion studies, and medical physics. The facility is expected to be fully operational by 2028. The primary driver...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
In magnetic fusion devices, ITG turbulence can be suppressed by Shear Alfvén Wave eigenmodes. These interact non-linearly to produce low-frequency zonal flows, which shear apart turbulent eddies and reduce transport in the core. Secondary instability calculations have been undertaken for this process, but quantitative predictions of the transport suppression require a theoretical understanding...
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Muni Zhou (Dartmouth College, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hanover, USA,)Astrophysical Plasmas (BSAP)Plenary and Invited Presentation
Astronomical observations suggest pervasive, dynamically important magnetic fields in our
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Galaxy and the intracluster medium, yet their origin remains a long-standing question in
astrophysics and cosmology. It is widely believed that such fields first arose as weak “seeds”
generated by cosmic batteries and were subsequently amplified by turbulent plasma flows to
current levels via the... -
Fundamental Plasma Physics - Theory (BSAP)Poster Presentation
Although the effects of motion on wave dynamics are well documented in isotropic dielectrics, they remain largely unexplored and unaccounted for in plasmas, despite the fact that simple models suggest they could in fact be large under certain conditions, as well as recent experimental observations [1].
Part of the challenge lies in the fact that theoretical models for these effects in...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) is a neoclassically optimised stellarator in which turbulent transport plays a dominant role for overall confinement. Understanding how magnetic geometry affects turbulence in this type of device is essential to advancing the stellarator concept and successfully optimising stellarators for reduced turbulence. With its flexible magnetic geometry, W7-X provides a unique...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
Tokamak plasmas with sufficiently strong negative triangularity (NT), in contrast to the conventional positive triangularity (PT) shaping, have been shown to suppress the transition to H-mode while still achieving high confinement regimes comparable to H-mode plasmas, but without harmful for plasma facing components (PFC) Edge Localized Modes (ELMs). Comparative modelling of Ion Temperature...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Although modern fusion devices consider the use of lithium as a plasma-facing component [1], its transport mechanisms remain under-investigated, as they differ from those of heavy impurities such as tungsten. For lithium and other light impurities, turbulent transport dominates over neoclassical contributions [2], which motivates a dedicated study to determine the turbulent diffusion,...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
The electron-temperature-gradient (ETG) turbulence in tokamaks is investigated by nonlinear gyrokinetic global code NLT [1] with adiabatic ions. In the linear simulation, global properties of ETG mode, including real frequency, growth rate and detailed two-dimensional (2D) mode structure, are obtained under Cyclone base parameters. A clear scaling relationship between the radial envelope width...
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Stellarator Physics and Optimisation (MCF)Poster Presentation
Understanding and predicting heat exhaust properties is one of the main challenges on the path towards a stellarator power plant. The island divertor [1] is a key feature in the Scrape-Off Layer (SOL) of most current stellarator reactor designs, and it is also experimentally investigated in the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) stellarator [2]. Such a concept leverages a magnetic island chain formed at...
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Astrophysical Plasmas (BSAP)Poster Presentation
Relativistic magnetic reconnection is a fundamental mechanism of energy dissipation in magnetised astrophysical environments, including black hole coronae, pulsar winds, and relativistic jets. We present fully kinetic three-dimensional ion–electron simulations that extend recent studies of relativistic reconnection by scanning guide-field strength across strongly magnetised regimes. At low...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
The study here shows the effects of shape optimization parameters such as plasma triangularity (δ) on anomalous transport of impurity species within high density L-mode spherical tokamak plasmas. Impurities are non-fuel species within plasma that can hinder the confinement by means of radiation losses or fuel dilution and therefore prevent a long-pulse sustenance. The impurity element analyzed...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Oral Presentation
Considerable progress has been made in modelling edge turbulence and the L-H transition using fluid and kinetic approaches. However, the gyrokinetic simulation of a complete transition from steady-state
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L-mode turbulence to a quasi-stationary H-mode remains a challenge. To simulate the transport properties of the H-mode pedestal, an alternative approach, avoiding the L-H transition is to... -
Edge and Pedestal Physics (MCF)Oral Presentation
High confinement mode (H-mode) access in tokamaks is based on the formation of a radially narrow steep gradient region in the plasma edge and a concomitant radial electric field ($E_r$).
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There is growing evidence that the profiles of temperature and density in the H-mode edge are partly determined by turbulent transport connected with microinstabilities driven by the steep gradients and its... -
Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Recent validation campaigns have demonstrated that while the TGLF-SAT2 transport model accurately predicts edge temperature profiles in standard regimes, its physics fidelity remains incomplete in specific L-mode conditions \cite{angioni_confinement_2022}. In particular, modelling efforts of ASDEX Upgrade plasmas indicate towards a significant over-prediction of the ion heat flux by TGLF-SAT2...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
This study investigates micro-instabilities and turbulent transport in CFETR using the gyrokinetic code NLT, focusing on tritium fraction, temperature ratio, fast ions, and impurities. In the hybrid scenario, the ITG mode is most unstable at r=0.4a. Increasing the tritium fraction \varepsilon_T strongly suppresses ITG, with the maximum growth rate scaling as ...
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Edge and Pedestal Physics (MCF)Poster Presentation
Abstract
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The edge radial electric field (EREF) plays an important role in the L-H transition, and the ion orbit loss is thought crucial in the generation of the EREF in the tokamak plasma [1,2]. The gyrokinetic (GK) simulation is useful for investigating the ion orbit loss effect [2,3], so we extend the function of the nonlinear GK global code NLT [4] to simulate the edge plasma with limiter... -
Ryusuke Numata (University of Hyogo)Fundamental Plasma Physics - Theory (BSAP)Poster Presentation
Planetary magnetospheres and levitated ring dipole devices represent a unique class of plasma environments where high-temperature plasma is confined by strongly inhomogeneous magnetic fields. A defining feature of these systems is the emergence of "entropy-mode" turbulence—driven by magnetic curvature and density gradients—which is responsible for the "inward pinch" phenomenon, where particles...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Gyrokinetic codes are currently the most advanced numerical tools for simulating turbulence in toka-mak plasmas. The code GYSELA [1], written in Fortran 90 and developed for more than 20 years, is one of the flux-driven gyrokinetic codes available worldwide. However, expanding this code to use more complex mathematical methods such as non-uniform points (vital for handling the different...
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Fundamental Plasma Physics - Theory (BSAP)Plenary and Invited Presentation
Space- and solar-plasma physics continue to pose major challenges for the characterization of turbulence in these systems. Satellite observations of solar-wind-plasma turbulence have shown a fluid energy spectrum with an inertial range with a -5/3 exponent. However, the magnetic-energy spectrum displays MHD- and sub-ion-scale power-law ranges, the former consistent with the -5/3 power, but the...
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Mr Thibault Fredon (Plasma Science and Fusion Center, MIT)Fundamental Plasma Physics - Theory (BSAP)Oral Presentation
The ongoing development of quantum computers may pave the way for
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improvements in the state of the art of fluid and plasma simulations. While the Hamiltonian nature of quantum mechanics makes quantum computers natural tools for simulating Hamiltonian dynamics, we propose an approach to fluid dynamics that explicitly exploits the underlying Hamiltonian structure of ideal fluids.
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
Accurate heat-load maps are needed to design tokamak divertor and first-wall (FW) components. Toroidal-field ripple and FW geometric features define heat fluxes on plasma-facing components (PFCs), while finite ion gyroradius effect enables particles to access shadowed regions such as divertor tile gaps and leading edges, producing local hot spots with high heat fluxes. State-of-the-art tools...
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Vassili Desages (Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France)Other - LTDPOral Presentation
Radio-frequency (RF) helicon sources usually display three modes of operation: a capacitive mode at low RF power $P_{RF}$, an inductive mode at intermediate power and a wave-sustained (W) mode, above a critical power $P_c$. The W-mode is reached when the plasma density allows for solutions to the dispersion relation of the natural helicon/Trivelpiece Gould (W) modes, which depend on the...
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Fundamental Plasma Physics - Theory (BSAP)Poster Presentation
The geometric structure of space-charge-confined plasmas is examined. Particle motion in electrostatically confined plasmas depends on the spatial structure of the equilibrium potential. Relaxed space-charge confinement equilibria based on the configuration of Pacheco, Ordonez, and Weathers (Phys. Plasmas 19, 102510, 2012) are analyzed using the curvature of the electrostatic potential. Both...
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Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
Dispersion interferometry has established itself as a common diagnostic for measuring the line-integrated electron density in many fusion devices, offering a robust alternative to the traditional two-color interferometer, which requires two separate interferometric setups for the two wavelengths (colors). It is a self-referencing interferometer in which a probing laser beam co-propagates with...
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Stellarator Physics and Optimisation (MCF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
In stellarators and tokamaks, transport of energy and particles in the plasma core critically determines device performance. Therefore, it is essential to identify advanced operational regimes that yield high-performance conditions and understand the mechanisms governing such regimes. In the TJ-II stellarator several routes to improved confinement have been identified, including L–H...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Surrogate models for the turbulent transport model TGLF have been developed based on Gaussian process (GP) regression using stochastic variational Gaussian processes (SVGP) with the intrinsic coregionalization model (ICM), implemented in our in-house GP regression library dgpr [1]. The SVGP framework enables scalable GP regression for large datasets by introducing inducing points, while the...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS) is a non-destructive technique for characterising defects in materials [1]. A key requirement for PALS is a high average positron flux with short bunch durations. Generating positrons at MeV energies, rather than conventional keV sources, enables deeper material probing. However, conventional positron sources are limited in flux, repetition...
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Elisabetta Bray (Politecnico di Torino)Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
The EUROfusion programme is advancing the design of the Volumetric Neutron Source (VNS), a compact tokamak facility dedicated to testing in-vessel components under high neutron flux and fluence, to be built in parallel to ITER. The VNS concept relies on beam–target fusion, with 120 keV deuterium neutral beams injected into a tritium plasma to maximize fusion reaction, following a strategy...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Oral Presentation
Recent research into the high-intensity laser-driven surface plasmon excitation has revealed the significant potential of generating extremely strong (~TV/m) fields for particle acceleration and radiation production. This new approach has emerged by overcoming several challenges in laser-solid interactions. It therefore holds great promise for reshaping the research direction of large-scale...
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Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
Plasma turbulence on disparate spatial and temporal scales plays a key role in defining the level of confinement achievable in tokamaks, with the development of reduced numerical models for cross-scale turbulence essential for understanding and maximising confinement. Such models require experimental turbulence data at both electron and ion scales to inform development. In this paper, we...
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Inertial Confinement Fusion (BPIF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
In the context of Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF), micro-structured low-density materials, or foams, have been shown to be able to reduce the effects of hydrodynamic instabilities, while increasing the laser absorption efficiency and enhancing the pressure at the shock front. 3D-printing represents the new manufacturing method for controlling the morphology, gradients in density and pore...
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
The Scrape-Off-Layer of a tokamak must be understood well so as to mitigate heat loads on the plasma facing components. Fluid codes are suitable for a collisional plasma, but kinetic effects are still important in the SOL, for example near the walls or when estimating the random heat flux of particles. Using the novel moment kinetics code, a 1D simulation of plasma along a single field line in...
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Devdigvijay SinghInertial Confinement Fusion (BPIF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
Constructing next-generation lasers with energies exceeding several megajoules, or peak powers
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greater than ten petawatts, will require optical elements that tolerate significantly higher intensities than
solid-state media. For use in practical inertial confinement fusion energy plants or miniaturized particle
accelerators, these optics must also withstand harsh environments with intense... -
Power Plant Design (MCF)Poster Presentation
M. Kikuchi1,2,3, Dehong Chen4, Jiaxian Li2, Wulyu Zhong2
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1. AAPPS-DPP, 2. Southwestern Institute of Physics, 3. ILE, the University of Osaka, 4. Institute of Plasma Physics, CAS
Negative triangularity tokamak[1] is an attractive advanced tokamak concept, which is proved to show significant plasma confinement relevant for fusion reactor with L-mode edge[2]. Based on recent developments of HTS... -
SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
Taming excessive heat- and particle fluxes arriving to the first wall is one of the most pressing issues on the way to a fusion reactor in magnetically confined devices. The problem itself is two-fold, both steady state fluxes in divertor configurations and transient loads due to turbulence/MHD transients have to be mitigated in order to ensure safe operation. A regime in tokamaks, that has...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Laser-driven ion accelerators have become more prominent in many fields of applications and are reaching higher intensities regularly with petawatt intensities over 10$^{21}$ W.cm$^{-2}$ at the current time. Laser-driven ions beams are short, low-emittance and are useful for applications such as warm dense matter study, fusion energy research, time-resolved transient fields probing or even...
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Plasma Processing and Applications (LTDP)Poster Presentation
The growing demand for low-carbon hydrogen has intensified research into alternative methane conversion routes beyond conventional steam methane reforming. Among these, thermal decomposition of methane in microwave plasma sources (MPS) has been widely investigated due to the high energy density, fast start-up, and atmospheric-pressure operation of microwave plasmas in compact and decentralised...
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Dr Seiji Zenitani (Austrian Academy of Sciences)Fundamental Plasma Physics - Theory (BSAP)Oral Presentation
Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations are important research tools in theoretical plasma physics. Inside the PIC code, the particle integrator is extensively used to solve the Newton-Lorentz equation to advance charged particles. The Boris method (Boris 1970; also known as the Buneman-Boris method) has been the de facto standard particle integrator for more than a half century. It has...
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Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Poster Presentation
SPARC, a medium-sized high-field tokamak, is under assembly and preparation for its first campaign, which aims to demonstrate net fusion energy. Operation at both the full 12.2 T field and a reduced ~8.5-8.9 T field is considered. The operational points are governed by the resonance conditions required for delivering power to plasma from the only auxiliary heating system in SPARC, Ion...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Intermittent turbulent structures, known as blobs, play a central role in cross‑field transport at the tokamak boundary, where they dominate particle and heat flux into the scrape‑off layer (SOL). Their formation and outward convection are well established in both experiments and simulations [1-3]. Characterizing these structures, however, often relies on manual or threshold‑based methods that...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
The stellarator Wendelstein 7-X is equipped with several Doppler backscattering (DBS) systems localized at the outer midplane at two different toroidal positions. Key subject is the measurement of the perpendicular bulk plasma rotation and the backscattered power, which depends nonlinearly on the rms density fluctuation level. The synced operation of multiple DBS systems allows characterizing...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Plasma transport in magnetic fusion devices is governed by strongly anisotropic, multi-scale processes, leading to steep, evolving gradients throughout a discharge. While some phenomena can be approximated in two dimensions, a comprehensive understanding, especially of non-axisymmetric effects, requires fully three-dimensional simulations. These are crucial for capturing magnetic ripple from...
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499. Impact of edge cooling on current profile evolution and resistive wall tearing stability in JETLili Édes (EPFL SPC)Disruptions and Runaway Electrons (MCF)Oral Presentation
Edge cooling is frequently observed in tokamak plasmas prior to disruptions and can lead to significant changes in the current density profile, potentially destabilizing magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) activity [1]. Understanding whether such cooling can drive the plasma toward instability, and whether/how the presence of a resistive wall affects this process, is essential for interpreting...
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Naoki Tamura (Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics)Stellarator Physics and Optimisation (MCF)Poster Presentation
Since the electron density profile is a key factor determining the overall plasma performance, we investigated its impact on the behavior of core impurities in NBI-heated LHD plasmas. The experiments have been carried out in the LHD standard configuration, R$_{\rm{ax}}$ = 3.6 m and B$_{\rm{t}}$ = 2.75 T. A flat (slightly peaked) density profile was obtained when a tangential NBI was injected....
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
In this work, we revisit an ITER pre-fusion-power-operation plasma scenario (PFPO-2, IMAS shot 101006) with half-field and half-current conditions (7.5~MA). A multiscale analysis was previously reported in [{\it T. Hayward-Schneider et al., Nuclear Fusion, 62, 112007, 2022}]. Weakly damped toroidal and elliptical Alfv\'en eigenmodes were observed for moderately low toroidal mode numbers ($10...
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Olle Sundberg (Department of Electromagnetics and Plasma Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden)Edge and Pedestal Physics (MCF)Poster Presentation
ITER H-mode pedestals are expected to operate at low pedestal collisionality, with pedestals likely limited by low toroidal mode number ($n$) peeling instabilities. Present-day European tokamaks, however, typically operate at high pedestal collisionality with pedestals limited by high-$n$ ballooning modes. Considerable effort has therefore focused on reducing pedestal collisionality to...
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
Managing power exhaust in next-generation fusion devices requires impurity seeding to induce divertor detachment and protect plasma-facing components; however, this must be balanced against the need to minimize core contamination to maintain plasma performance. While previous SOLPS-ITER modelling of the proposed STEP (Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production) power plant demonstrated that the...
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
Negative triangularity (NT) is a promising ELM-free alternative to conventional H-mode operation. However, experimental studies have shown that achieving divertor detachment in NT is more challenging than in positive triangularity (PT) configurations at comparable upstream conditions and divertor geometry [O. Février et al., Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 66 (2024)]. In this work, we investigate...
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Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Poster Presentation
In order to prevent damage to plasma facing components caused by excessive heat loads, a tokamak reactor plasma must be operated with a detached divertor, typically achieved by seeding of impurities into the divertor region. It is imperative that the detached state is sustained throughout all phases of the discharge, including L-mode, fully developed H-mode, and transitory phases such as the...
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Astrophysical Plasmas (BSAP)Poster Presentation
Compton-driven interactions between ultraintense gamma-ray fluxes and background plasmas are expected to arise in various high-energy astrophysical settings. Self-consistent kinetic investigations into this problem are now accessible via particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations [1-3], which have recently uncovered a rich phenomenology of acceleration processes and plasma instabilities. Here, we...
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Laser and Particle Beam Interaction with Plasmas, Hydrodynamics and Instabilities (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Plasma mirrors are versatile optical elements for manipulating ultra-intense light. In particular, plasma mirrors can be used for high-order harmonic generation (HHG). The irradiation at ultra-high intensities drives relativistic oscillations of the plasma surface, producing harmonics that extend into the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) via the Doppler effect.
Doppler harmonic generation has...
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
Tokamak equilibrium shaping can significantly influence the frequencies of trapped particle Guiding Center (GC) orbits, thereby modifying the resonance structure with external perturbations [1,2], which plays a crucial role in particle, energy and momentum transport. In shaped equilibria, the bounce frequency profile may become non monotonic with respect to the particle energy, enabling...
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Other - LTDPPlenary and Invited Presentation
Helicon discharges are widely used to produce high density, low temperature, moderate magnetic field plasmas and are central in a broad range of applications, such as plasma-material interaction studies, electric propulsion, fundamental plasma physics investigations, auxiliary heating in tokamaks, and wake-field particle acceleration. In such plasmas, helicon wave damping is commonly assumed...
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Other - MCFPoster Presentation
When dominant electron heating prevails, the electron velocity distribution function deviates from being Maxwellian, developing a distinct suprathermal tail. Furthermore, impurity contamination by high-Z ions, such as tungsten (W), expected to serve as the first wall material in modern tokamaks (ITER, WEST), poses a serious challenge for the stable and efficient operation of tokamaks featuring...
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Power Plant Design (MCF)Poster Presentation
The emergence of private fusion ventures has renewed interest in compact tokamak design strategies, with proposals for smaller and more economical power plants based on various plasma performance and technological assumptions. Understanding the conditions under which these designs achieve their objectives requires systematic assessment of underlying modeling choices.
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Dr Boudewijn van Milligen (CIEMAT)Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
This work focuses on a set of experiments designed to clarify the impact of the rotational transform and pellets on confinement quality at the TJ-II stellarator. For this purpose, the net plasma current, Ip, is controlled using external coils, resulting in the modification of the rotational transform profile and hence the radial location of specific rational surfaces. In the configuration...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
High-fidelity boundary turbulence models, which properly address the highly anisotropic, multi-scale, and multi-physics dynamics of this region, are essential for operating and guiding the design of future fusion devices. A commonly used framework to study turbulence in the boundary region is the two-fluid drift-reduced plasma model, which captures turbulent phenomena responsible for transport...
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
In experimental fusion devices, plasma-wall interaction (PWI) plays an important role in the operation and planning, since the lifetime of plasma-facing components (PFCs) and the impurity concentration in the core are critical aspects of the reactor design. Simulations with the 3D Monte-Carlo code ERO2.0 assess these PWI processes and impurity transport of sputtered particles throughout the...
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Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
Microwave reflectometry is routinely used in magnetic confinement devices to measure both the electron density profile and its turbulent fluctuations. Over the past decades, continuous wave (CW) methods, measuring the amplitude and phase of the reflected beam, have become the standard. Pulsed methods, directly measuring the time of flight of short (~ns) probing pulses, were sporadically...
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Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Poster Presentation
In negative ion neutral beam injection (NBI), H⁻/D⁻ ions are produced in the source region and subsequently neutralised to form the neutral beam. The dominant production mechanism is the conversion of H atoms to H⁻/D⁻ ions on a caesiated plasma grid (PG). To date, fully kinetic particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations have struggled to self-consistently reproduce the H⁻/D⁻ ion density observed in...
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Martina Greplova Zakova (The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC - ELI Beamlines Facility)Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Improving the angular properties of laser-accelerated ion beams is essential for advancing the applicability of laser-driven ion sources. This work presents a comprehensive 2D and 3D particle-in-cell study of advanced plastic target designs aimed at reducing proton beam divergence while preserving high energies and particle numbers. The parametric study compares flat and curved foils with a...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Micro-tearing mode (MTM), which is an electromagnetic turbulence for driving anomalous transport, have been observed in the pedestal [1]. Using DIII-D experimental parameters of the strong-gradient pedestal region where MTM is dominate [2], we first derive the dispersion relation of MTM instability including impurity effects via the semi-collisional theory [3, 4]. The dispersion equation is...
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Mr Noe Bundschuh (University of Liverpool)SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
Demonstrating robust control of power and particle exhaust is one of the major challenges the first generation of power plant scale fusion devices will face. In the pursuit of core-divertor integrated operating scenarios, improving access to, and stability of detachment using impurity seeding in advanced divertor configurations shows significant promise [2].
MAST Upgrade has demonstrated...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Anomalous cross-field transport in the edge and scrape-off layer of magnetically confined plasmas remains a critical challenge for achieving efficient confinement in fusion devices [1]. This region hosts hydrogenic ions, helium ash, injected impurities (e.g. neon, argon), and eroded wall materials, all of which interact with turbulent structures to drive complex, non-diffusive transport...
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LTP Plasmas for Sustainability (LTDP)Oral Presentation
Electrodes and other solid boundaries are invariably separated from a plasma by a non-neutral transition region known as the plasma sheath. Depending on the discharge pressure and plasma parameters, the sheath has a minimum thickness on the order of the electron Debye length.The intrinsic properties of the wall material, including its electrical conductivity, surface roughness, and chemical...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
One major goal of nuclear fusion simulations is to study the properties of turbulent transport, which is the dominant energy loss mechanism in nuclear fusion reactors. Mitigating this transport channel has the potential to significantly improve the energy efficiency of future reactors. In recent decades, gyrokinetic codes such as GENE, GYRO, and ORB5 have become standard tools for studying...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Understanding how kinetic turbulence organizes structure in phase space and affects the turbulent transport remains a central challenge for gyrokinetic theory and simulation. However, it has not been fully established due to the multidimensionality of phase space and the vast amount of data.
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To overcome the complexity of the analysis for phase space, we present a data-driven diagnostic that... -
Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
Instabilities such as Edge Localised Modes (ELMs) can degrade confinement in tokamak plasmas, potentially leading to damaging heat fluxes on the first wall [1, 2]. Externally applied Magnetic Perturbations (MPs) are used to mitigate, and even suppress, these instabilities [3]. This suppression technique is still under investigation in many tokamaks, and its understanding is crucial for future...
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Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
LM26 is a large-scale magnetized target fusion (MTF) experiment built to demonstrate that compressional heating of a spherical tokamak plasma can achieve fusion conditions. A coaxial helicity injector forms a magnetized plasma in a 7 cm thick cylindrical lithium liner inside a composite chamber. A surrounding 36-turn theta-pinch coil generates a strong magnetic field to symmetrically compress...
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Other - BPIFPoster Presentation
Electron-positron pairs are produced by ultra-intense (multi-petawatt) laser pulses through the multiphoton Breit-Wheeler process [1]. The required peak intensity can be reduced by forming a tightly confined hot spot using several counter-propagating pulses [2]. Our aim is to further optimise this approach and move it closer to experimentally achievable conditions.
Numerical simulations of...
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Inertial Confinement Fusion (BPIF)Oral Presentation
Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) is increasingly regarded as a credible long-term option for large-scale, carbon-free power production. The recent demonstration of ignition with net target gain at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) marks a decisive scientific milestone for laser-driven inertial confinement fusion (ICF). Since 2022, repeated ignition shots have been achieved, with fusion gains...
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Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Oral Presentation
The start of research operation (SRO) in ITER will explore H-mode operation as well as commission control and protection systems including ELM mitigation systems [1]. For successful commissioning of the ELM mitigation systems, operation in stable ELMy H-mode is required. To inform the development of the plasma control system, fully integrated core, edge, scrape-off layer (SOL), divertor...
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
In the contribution we summarize the development and validation of an integrated modelling framework to study the interactions between energetic particles and metal wall impurities in tokamak plasmas. These reactions are expected to play an important role in providing early sources of energetic alpha particles in future fusion devices, and support nuclear diagnostics commissioning and...
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
This work develops an integrated model of sawtooth cycles and fishbone oscillations. Sawtooth cycles are periodic relaxations of the plasma core commonly observed in tokamak discharges. The cycle is characterized by a rapid MHD-driven collapse of the core kinetic and current profiles, followed by a profile recovery driven by core heating and fueling. While sawtooth crashes limit core...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Intermittent, large-amplitude fluctuations dominate cross-field transport of particles and heat in the scrape-off layer (SOL) of magnetically confined plasmas. These fluctuations are investigated using numerical turbulence simulations of both a two-dimensional (2D) reduced fluid model [1] and a three-dimensional (3D) full-torus gyrofluid model (FELTOR) [2]. The 2D model describes...
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Inertial Confinement Fusion (BPIF)Poster Presentation
This presentation focuses on the three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulation of an indirect drive baffled hohlraum experiment conducted in 2022 at the Laser MégaJoule (LMJ) facility.
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The baffled geometry, used at both the Omega facility at the University of Rochester and the LMJ, aims to create a homogeneous radiation environment in the central compartment of the target for equation of state... -
Edge and Pedestal Physics (MCF)Poster Presentation
The interaction between energetic-particle-driven instabilities and self-generated zonal flows represents a frontier in the physics of burning plasmas, where alpha-particle populations dominate the system dynamics. This study identifies an intrinsic, self-organized coupling between Alfvénic turbulence and low-frequency zonal flows (LFZFs) that provides a mechanism for the mitigation of...
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Mr Fabio Ragazzi (University of Bologna)Plasma Processing and Applications (LTDP)Poster Presentation
Numerical simulations of low-temperature plasma discharges are an essential tool for optimizing plasma-based devices and for improving the understanding of the physical mechanisms governing discharge behavior. These simulations, however, pose major numerical challenges due to the strong nonlinear coupling among the governing equations, arising from plasma chemistry source terms and the...
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Laboratory Astrophysics (BSAP)Poster Presentation
Here we present designs for future experiments investigating ion acceleration at the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research. The work builds on a previous experimental campaign which found evidence for ion acceleration when a mono-energetic beam of chromium ions with initial energies of ∼ 450 MeV was fired through a magnetised interaction region formed by the collision of two...
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Inertial Confinement Fusion (BPIF)Poster Presentation
The Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion scheme is a magneto-inertial fusion scheme being pursued on the Z machine at SNL, where a centimetre-scale liner filled with fusion fuel axially pre-magnetized is preheated, then imploded by a Lorentz force generated by an axial 20 MA current. Next generation pulsed power facilities aim to produce ≈ 40 – 60 MA, posing the question of how existing results...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Gyrokinetic theory typically assumes a local Maxwellian equilibrium, an approximation that has proven successful in describing microinstabilities and turbulence in the cores of conventional large–aspect-ratio tokamak plasmas. However, strong plasma gradients are known to drive substantial neoclassical currents. In leading-order gyrokinetic theory, the Maxwellian is independent of the sign of...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
The physics underlying the spontaneous formation of edge transport barriers above a certain power threshold and the associated transition to improved confinement regimes remains partially understood, despite its critical importance for future fusion reactors. Access to such regimes is known to depend on the complex interplay of a multitude of factors, making the accurate global simulation of...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Poster Presentation
We present experimental results obtained with PW laser class on LFEX facility in Osaka in 2025. Several types of targets (foams of different densities, foils, and foams with foils) and laser parameters have been scanned. We show in some sets of parameters that the number of MeV protons sharply increases (>10) when the laser is focused on a foam target instead of a foil target (3.1014 to 3.1015...
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Plasma Processing and Applications (LTDP)Poster Presentation
The development of novel CO2 conversion and utilization technologies represents a cornerstone strategy
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in mitigating climate change by reducing atmospheric CO2 concentrations and curbing greenhouse
gas emissions. Transforming CO2 into value-added chemicals not only enables carbon recycling but
also unlocks economic opportunities, contributing to a circular carbon economy. Among the... -
Edge and Pedestal Physics (MCF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
A high-resolution main ion charge exchange recombination spectroscopy system has been used to characterize the deuterium temperature at the edge of H-mode plasmas in the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak, enabling new advances in edge physics and heat transport studies [1]. Both main ion (TD) and impurity (Tz) temperatures have been measured, revealing temperature differences up to 80 eV, with TD>TZ....
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Luca Bonalumi (ISTP-CNR)Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
Neoclassical tearing modes (NTMs) are MHD instabilities that develop near rational surfaces, forming magnetic islands that, if unstable, can grow and ultimately degrade (or even disrupt) plasma confinement.
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The nonlinear drive of the instability is associated with the reduction of the bootstrap current within the magnetic island and scales with the plasma poloidal β.
For this reason,... -
SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
In this contribution, we investigate the mechanisms of collection of deuterium ions collected by charged surfaces, such as tokamak divertor tiles or electric probes. Especially in the case of probes, these effects usually influence the amount of collected current due to a phenomenon commonly known as the sheath expansion. Empirical counter-measures, employing four-parameter fits [1] or...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
The value of gyrokinetic simulation and modelling of tokamaks lies in providing insights for the development of future laboratory machines and reactors, such as ITER, DEMO and fusion plants. Gyrokinetic simulations already indicate that in future, larger tokamaks, the anomalous transport level will follow a gyro-Bohm scaling, in contrast to a Bohm scaling observed in smaller, past and...
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202. Isotope scaling of heat and particle transport between JET deuterium and tritium L-mode plasmasPlasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
The dimensionally matched deuterium-tritium pulse pair was executed in the JET DT campaign under JET L-mode conditions to complement the earlier work on the dimensionless scaling between D and T [1]. Depending on the NBI power level, the experiment showed 13-16% improvement in the energy confinement time in favour of the tritium pulse. This favourable isotope scaling can also be seen in the...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
The high confinement mode (H-mode) is foreseen for deuterium-tritium (DT) stationary operation in tokamak fusion reactors. A major challenge is the low-to-high confinement (L–H) transition, which is not fully understood and is difficult to predict. Recent DT experiments in JET-ILW (ITER-Like Wall) have provided new ITER-relevant observations.
In previously dedicated JET-ILW...
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
The X-point radiator (XPR) regime is the subject of a great deal of attention in the magnetic confinement fusion community. It has now been established in most current tokamaks and is a rather attractive potential future reactor scenario, providing both a fully detached divertor and a naturally more ELM-stable regime [1]. Several authors have also successfully demonstrated access to the XPR...
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Disruptions and Runaway Electrons (MCF)Poster Presentation
Shattered Pellet Injection (SPI) is the primary Disruption Mitigation System (DMS) for ITER [1], the main purpose of which is the mitigation of thermal loads during the Thermal Quench (TQ) phase of disruptions. Aside from the heat load mitigation, SPI would also aim for helping with Current Quench (CQ) phase runaway electron avalanche suppression. To achieve both goals, deep and reliable...
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Other - MCFPlenary and Invited Presentation
Advancing a HELIAS-type stellarator toward DEMO requires a systematic reduction of critical physics uncertainties that directly impact reactor performance. This work discusses and prioritizes these uncertainties based on their influence on machine design, the urgency for near-term decisions, and the feasibility of closing knowledge gaps through current experimental access and tool maturity....
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Stellarator Physics and Optimisation (MCF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
High-performance stellarator operation increasingly approaches regimes where electromagnetic effects become essential for confinement. In this context, kinetic ballooning modes (KBMs), driven by total pressure gradients and finite-beta effects, can emerge as the dominant electromagnetic instability, linking ideal magnetohydrodynamic ballooning physics with kinetic microturbulence.
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The present... -
Inertial Confinement Fusion (BPIF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
Predictive simulations of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) require accurate modeling of electron transport, particularly in regimes where temperature gradients become comparable to the electron mean free path. In these conditions, diffusive transport models commonly used in radiation-hydrodynamics codes fail to capture non-local effects. These inaccuracies compromise predictions of shock...
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Fundamental Plasma Physics - Theory (BSAP)Plenary and Invited Presentation
Extreme plasma physics concerns regimes in which strong electromagnetic fields, intense radiation, and matter–antimatter pair production fundamentally alter kinetic plasma behaviour. Such conditions arise in pulsar and black-hole magnetospheres, relativistic shocks, and are increasingly accessible in laboratory experiments. This thesis addresses two central components of this field: radiative...
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Laser and Particle Beam Interaction with Plasmas, Hydrodynamics and Instabilities (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Proton–boron ($p$-$^{11}\mathrm{B}$) fusion is an aneutronic reaction that predominantly produces energetic $\alpha$ particles with negligible neutron yield. In laser-driven schemes, injected $\mathrm{MeV}$ protons and fusion-born $\alpha$ particles are suprathermal and slow down through Coulomb collisions with plasma electrons and ions. An $\alpha$-driven chain reaction has been proposed...
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Disruptions and Runaway Electrons (MCF)Poster Presentation
Tokamak disruptions are a major challenge for the safe operation of next-step fusion devices such as ITER. A key concern is the formation of relativistic runaway-electron (RE) beams, which can deposit highly localized heat loads and threaten plasma-facing components. In ITER, the baseline disruption mitigation strategy relies on the rapid delivery of large impurity quantities via shattered...
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
Magnetic islands induced by the tearing instability in tokamaks can significantly change the magnetic topology, degrade plasma confinement, and affect particle transport [1]. However, the microscopic particle dynamics and energy transfer mechanisms in the presence of magnetic islands remain to be fully elucidated. In this work, we investigate the effect of magnetic islands on particle orbits...
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Fundamental Plasma Physics - Laboratory (BSAP)Poster Presentation
We measure the 1-d ion velocity distribution and fluctuations associated with single-frequency ion acoustic wave scattering from a magnetic dipole immersed in an otherwise uniform singly-ionized Argon plasma that is weakly-collisional. The data are projected onto the Case-Van Kampen (CVK) spectrum for the ion acoustic wave using an integral transform. We call this transform a modified...
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Solar and Space Plasmas (BSAP)Poster Presentation
The Earth’s inner radiation belt is frequently disrupted by geomagnetic storms [1] or thunderstorm-induced electron avalanches [2]. These events inject high-energy electrons into the magnetosphere, which can damage space assets. Self-limitation of fast electron fluxes is generally observed at high latitudes $(> 55^\circ)$, as wave-particle interactions in instability-amplified wave spectra...
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Solar and Space Plasmas (BSAP)Plenary and Invited Presentation
Understanding the properties of turbulent fluctuations and the mechanisms underlying their transfer through scales and dissipation is crucial to understand how turbulence feeds back on the macro-scale evolution and energetics of a wide range of space and astrophysical plasmas. In this context, the solar wind and the near-Earth environment are probably the best laboratory for the study of...
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
Infernal modes are pressure-driven MHD instabilities that arise in high-$\beta$ tokamak plasmas characterized by weak magnetic shear and flattened or reversed q profiles. Such configurations are typical of advanced steady-state scenarios with a large bootstrap current fraction. Because infernal modes can be excited at $\beta$ values lower than the stability limit of high-$n$ ballooning modes,...
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Edge and Pedestal Physics (MCF)Poster Presentation
The plasma wall interaction in a fusion device can be modeled as a collisionless problem. When modeling this low-density region, conventional particle-in-cell codes suffer from statistical error originating from under sampling the velocity space. In contrast, the Vlasov approach utilizes a distribution function in phase space thereby directly solving for the entire velocity space eliminating...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Understanding the mechanisms that drive and saturate turbulence in tokamaks is fundamental to reliably predicting transport in future fusion reactors. To this end, the synergy between theory and experiment is essential. Rigorous code validation against experimental data from current devices is a crucial step in assessing simulation fidelity and guiding model improvements, ultimately paving the...
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Taisuke NagayamaLaboratory Astrophysics (BSAP)Plenary and Invited Presentation
Opacity quantifies the absorption of photons in matter and is essential for understanding energy transport through radiation in high-energy-density (HED) plasmas, such as those found in stars and inertial confinement fusion. While opacity models provide local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) opacities for all elements based on temperature and density, they depend on multidisciplinary physics...
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Laboratory Astrophysics (BSAP)Poster Presentation
Langmuir waves, electrostatic plasma waves characterized by a frequency near the electron plasma frequency, are routinely observed to be excited in the solar wind arising, for instance, from beam-driven instabilities or from magnetic structures, such as magnetic holes. A variety of in-situ observations from spacecrafts missions, such as Parker Solar Probe (PSP), are reported; however, there...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
Laser generated sources of TNSA protons and alpha particles (produced by proton boron fusion reactions) can be used for the production of radioisotopes of medical interest. The present work discusses the results from experiments performed using the PW-class, short duration and high repetition laser VEGA-III at CLPU, Spain. In the experiment, we used the pitcher-catcher scheme, using thin Al...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
In recent years, we have developed a novel framework to describe laser harmonic generation in plasma as an advanced beatwave process [1]. In our framework, all laser pulses are decomposed into modes with pure circular polarisation and “signed” frequencies and wave numbers. Each spectral step in the harmonic generation process can then be described as the beating between two such modes. The...
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Inertial Confinement Fusion (BPIF)Poster Presentation
In laser-driven inertial confinement fusion (ICF), the implosion performance is limited by scattered energy due to laser–plasma instabilities (LPIs). Our previous study explored how these are influenced by increasing laser bandwidth, using the upgraded PHELIX laser system. We compared monochromatic and broadband frequency-doubled Nd:glass pulses at $527\,nm$, with pulse durations of $2\,ns$...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Poster Presentation
The National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST) is currently conducting the Quantum Scalpel project, which aims to enhance the performance and miniaturization of heavy-ion cancer therapy devices. The “quantum scalpel” refers to cancer treatment using a quantum beam without any physical incision, enabling minimally invasive therapy with few side effects. This makes day‑surgery...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Poster Presentation
The extreme electric fields created in high-intensity laser-plasma interactions could generate energetic ions far more compactly than traditional accelerators. Despite this promise, laser-plasma accelerators have remained stagnant at maximum ion energies of 100 MeV/nucleon for the last twenty years. The central challenge is the low charge-to-mass ratio of ions, which has precluded one of the...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Poster Presentation
High-energy positron beams are a key requirement for next-generation plasma-based accelerator facilities, including the EuPRAXIA conceptual design. In this work, a laser-driven positron source is developed as part of the EuPRAXIA preparatory programme, in collaboration with INFN Frascati, with the aim of delivering beams suitable for injection into advanced acceleration stages.
A full...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
The flying focus refers to a family of techniques for creating laser pulses with dynamic focal points. The peak intensity of a flying-focus pulse can move independently of the group velocity—along, against, or transverse to the propagation direction—while maintaining a near-invariant profile over distances far exceeding a Rayleigh range. These features enable and enhance laser-plasma...
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Other - LTDPOral Presentation
Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography at 13.5 nm, driven by laser-produced tin (Sn) plasmas, has become the foundational technology in semiconductor manufacturing. A primary challenge is the control of plasma parameters: electron density, electron temperature, and ion charge state distribution, which define the spectral purity and conversion efficiency of the EUV source. Here, we present our...
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Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
STEP is a UK-based project to design, construct and operate a demonstration fusion reactor delivering net electricity to the grid and achieving tritium self-sufficiency. Before reaching the ultimate goal, STEP will undergo commissioning and physics model test phase in a non-fusion hydrogen plasma. For that phase, and possibly for the initial DT phase, a more comprehensive set of plasma...
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities such as (peeling-)ballooning, tearing and kink modes impose fundamental limits on the achievable plasma pressure and stable operation of magnetically confined fusion devices. The accurate prediction of their onset and characteristics is therefore essential for extrapolating stability limits in present experiments to future fusion reactors. While ideal or...
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
Toroidal rotation effects in the ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) are well established and are treated here in a manner fully consistent with their implementation in linear ideal MHD code NOVA. The full MHD system proposed in Ref.[1] is generalized to the rotation modified system of equations structured in the same way. One particular application considered in details is the ideal MHD Alfvén...
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Edge and Pedestal Physics (MCF)Oral Presentation
Negative triangularity (NT) has emerged as a promising alternative to the conventional positive triangularity (PT) shape of tokamak plasmas. Owing to the suppression of large ELMs, combined with outstanding L-mode confinement, NT appears as a suitable candidate for core-edge integration [1,2]. While the fundamental reason for the NT L-mode performance improvement over PT remains unclear,...
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Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
Lithium (Li) is a key material in the nuclear fusion field because it is a primary fuel for tritium production in the deuterium-tritium fuel cycle. Among two Li isotopes, $^{6}\text{Li}$ has been found to possess a higher cross-section than $^{7}\text{Li}$ for tritium breeding in the nuclear fusion power plant. However, the abundance of $^{6}\text{Li}$ in nature is only 7.53% while the...
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Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
The Quasi-Continuous Exhaust (QCE) regime [1] is free of type-I ELMs while maintaining the high normalized energy confinement typical for H-mode operation, making it one candidate for an integrated reactor scenario. Instead of large-scale ELMs, high-frequency, low-amplitude filaments are observed. The Quasi-Coherent Mode (QCM) is a characteristic edge fluctuation observed in the QCE regime and...
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Fundamental Plasma Physics - Laboratory (BSAP)Poster Presentation
Hall thrusters are plasma-discharge-based propulsion devices for spacecraft, where ions are accelerated by an axial electric field E to generate thrust. A radial magnetic field B is applied perpendicular to the electron current, reducing electron mobility across the field lines. This sustains the axial electric field E and confines electrons, creating a complex magnetized...
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Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Poster Presentation
The WEST tokamak is well equipped to study the impact of high particle fluences and heat fluxes on plasma-facing components (PFCs), because of its capability of running long plasma discharges [1]. In particular, WEST features an ITER-grade tungsten divertor, turning the machine into a technological test bed for future large fusion devices [2]. Dedicated high-fluence campaigns have been led to...
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Didier Mazon (CEA)Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
The fast and reliable reconstruction of plasma X-ray and neutron emissivity is crucial in nuclear fusion devices for real-time monitoring of essential parameters, such as electron temperature, impurity concentration and ion fuel ratio. The ongoing research, conducted jointly by IRFM CEA (Cadarache, France) and IFJ PAN (Krakow, Poland), aims to develop, validate and implement machine learning...
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Plasma Processing and Applications (LTDP)Poster Presentation
Atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharges(DBD) generate strongly non-equilirium plasmas which are characterized by high electron energies and with near ambient gas temperatures, making them efficient sources of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species(RONS) for air treatment applications. In this work, a double mesh DBD reactor consisting of two metallic grid electrodes separated by a...
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Laser and Particle Beam Interaction with Plasmas, Hydrodynamics and Instabilities (BPIF)Oral Presentation
The focus of the inertial confinement fusion (ICF) community post-ignition is shifting towards practical schemes for inertial fusion energy production (IFE). Direct drive, where the intense lasers irradiate the fuel pellet exterior directly, and related variants such as shock ignition [1] and fast ignition is a primary candidate for IFE. A critical limitation facing direct drive is the...
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Ultra-high Intensity Laser-matter Interaction and High-field Physics (BPIF)Oral Presentation
Quantum field theory predicts that the vacuum exhibits a nonlinear response to strong electromagnetic fields, giving rise to phenomena such as vacuum birefringence. Despite its fundamental significance, this effect has remained experimentally inaccessible and has yet to be observed in the laboratory. Detecting it would provide a distinct signature of the optical activity of the quantum vacuum...
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
We analytically investigate geodesic acoustic modes (GAMs) in tokamak plasmas with up-down asymmetric and non-circular cross-sections using magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and a Miller-like flux surface model. Explicit expressions for GAM frequency, magnetic field perturbations, and Lagrangian displacement are presented. Our results reveal that (I) up-down asymmetry ($\sigma$) slightly increases...
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Dr Earl Marmar (MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center)LTP Plasmas for Sustainability (LTDP)Poster Presentation
An old idea is being revisited: using magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) energy conversion as a topping cycle for industrial-scale nuclear fusion and fission power plants. If successful, this approach could increase the efficiency of a conventional nuclear power plant from about 35% using a steam cycle alone (a frog), to over 55% with a combined MHD–steam conversion system (a prince) – an obviously...
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Disruptions and Runaway Electrons (MCF)Poster Presentation
Tokamak plasmas are subject to disruptive events. While such events are expected to be rare in future large devices, they are problematic since, in addition to other off-normal loads, part of the electrons can be accelerated to relativistic velocities and can damage the device [1]. Currently, one of the promising approaches for RE mitigation is ‘benign termination’ via low-Z injection and...
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Monia Calcagno (Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, University of Padova, Padova, Italy)Edge and Pedestal Physics (MCF)Poster Presentation
In tokamaks, when plasma instabilities known as Edge Localized Modes (ELM) occur, large amounts of energy can be released towards the wall and therefore methods are required for their suppression or mitigation. A good candidate are Resonant Magnetic Perturbations (RMPs) which can trigger magnetic stochasticity causing the decrease of the pressure gradients at the pedestal [1]. In the present...
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
Self-regulation magnetic flux pumping has been experimentally investigated in different devices, such as DIII-D, ASDEX Upgrade (AUG), JET, MAST-U, and some other tokamaks. Such experiments address sawtooth control and improve plasma confinement in hybrid scenarios, especially for future long-pulse discharges. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modelling has revealed that the negative MHD dynamo effect,...
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
Stability analysis is essential for the reliable operation of magnetic confinement fusion devices, as it prevents degraded confinement, performance loss, and potential damage to plasma-facing components. In this context, detailed stability studies are being performed for the Divertor Tokamak Test (DTT) [1], a device under construction in Frascati, Italy, aimed at testing advanced divertor...
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
Spherical tokamaks are an economically attractive concept for a fusion power plant, as they operate at high $\beta_{N}$. The low aspect ratio of spherical tokamaks naturally facilitates operation of highly elongated ($\kappa \approx 2.5$) plasmas which leads to high non-inductive bootstrap fractions. Operation at high elongation can pose additional vertical stability challenges, however...
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Other - LTDPOral Presentation
One of the main defining characteristics of a plasma is the electron density. Conventional electron density diagnostic techniques, such as Langmuir probes or Thomson scattering are generally relatively invasive. As an alternative, Microwave Cavity Resonance Spectroscopy (MCRS) can be used as a minimally invasive diagnostic technique for the electron density. MCRS relies on measuring the...
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Laser and Particle Beam Interaction with Plasmas, Hydrodynamics and Instabilities (BPIF)Oral Presentation
High-energy laser beams used in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments are subject to phase aberrations as they propagate through numerous optical elements. These aberrations induce large non-uniformities at the focal spot and significant shot-to-shot variations, which can compromise implosion symmetry. While Random Phase Plates (RPP) are routinely employed to improve beam stability,...
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Edge and Pedestal Physics (MCF)Poster Presentation
An intermediate plasma state, with better confinement than the L-mode
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but not yet a fully developed H-mode and free of type-I ELMs, has been
routinely reported during the L-H transition at several fusion devices
(JET, AUG, DIII-D, EAST, etc), providing an interesting option for ITER
operation at marginal heating power~[1]. Low-frequency ($\sim 1$ kHz)
axisymmetric ($n = 0, m = \pm 1$)... -
Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Betatron radiation is a synchrotron-like x-ray source produced in laser wakefield accelerators (LWFA) through the transverse oscillation of relativistic electrons in the strong focusing fields of a plasma wave. As electrons are injected into and accelerated by the plasma wave, they undergo oscillations while simultaneously gaining energy, emitting broadband radiation in the x-ray...
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Fundamental Plasma Physics - Theory (BSAP)Poster Presentation
This work provides a comprehensive characterization of centrifugal instabilities in fluid models of partially magnetized plasmas. The study begins with an analysis of the wave spectrum in a homogeneous, rotating fluid and is subsequently extended to non-uniform equilibria, with particular attention to the role of the fluid closure in governing the onset of instabilities. The mechanisms driving...
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Ultra-high Intensity Laser-matter Interaction and High-field Physics (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Laser-driven proton acceleration (LPA) is a promising route to compact proton sources for high-energy-density science and related applications. The target normal sheath acceleration (TNSA) is the commonly used accelerating scheme via a thin foil target. To enhance the cutoff energy, the microstructure is fabricated on the target. Recently, foam targets are considered as a potential target for...
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
Plasma-neutral interactions mutually affect plasma and neutral transport in magnetized plasmas, such as divertor regions of fusion devices. However, in many divertor fluid models, the influence of plasma-neutral interaction on plasma transport is treated only as source terms. Recently, our research team developed a physical model for ion transport driven by ion-atom collisions, based on the...
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Fundamental Plasma Physics - Theory (BSAP)Poster Presentation
Quantum turbulence in high-energy-density plasmas can significantly alter the transport of energy during inertial confinement fusion and astrophysical processes. We develop a theoretical framework, based on classical, weakly compressible turbulence analysis for homogeneous isotropic quantum turbulence using the inviscid, unmagnetized Poisson Quantum Hydrodynamic (QHD) equations with zero...
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Laser and Particle Beam Interaction with Plasmas, Hydrodynamics and Instabilities (BPIF)Poster Presentation
In Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF), optical smoothing techniques produce wide laser spots with a relatively homogeneous intensity profile. However, the resulting laser field contains small-scale intensity modulations, the speckles, produced by interference effects. As the beams propagate in the plasma, they trigger parametric instabilities. To describe these phenomena precisely, an accurate...
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Edge and Pedestal Physics (MCF)Poster Presentation
Type-I edge localised modes (ELMs) repetitively expel heat and particles from the confined plasma volume to the Scrape-Off Layer (SOL) and divertor targets of tokamak devices operating in high-confinement conditions. Future devices like ITER, SPARC, and STEP are foreseen to require ELM control to avoid excessive damage to the divertors and other plasma facing components. An option to achieve...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
The effect of the density and collisionality on the intrinsic rotation of Ohmic plasmas at JET was studied experimentally in pure Hydrogen, pure Deuterium and pure Tritium plasmas. Two rotation reversals were observed for each of the hydrogen isotopes, with rotation profiles at mid-radius changing from peaked to hollow at a density close to the transition from the linear to the saturated Ohmic...
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
The sawteeth preventing self-regulating magnetic flux pumping mechanism has already been modelled to date with the aid of various perturbed MHD simulating codes [1]-[4]. A new dynamic approach is proposed using a quasi-analytic solution of the plasma perturbed equations in terms of a perturbed flux function [5] to assess the peculiar 1/1 mode non-axisymmetric effect on the broadening of the...
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
Heat and particle exhaust in the scrape-off layer represent one of the most critical challenges for tokamak operation. The MAST-Upgrade (MAST-U) tokamak has been specifically designed to address this issue through the implementation of the Super-X divertor. The Super-X combines strong magnetic flux expansion, enhanced baffling, and extended connection lengths to maximise power dissipation and...
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Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Poster Presentation
Fast ions accelerated by ion-cyclotron resonance frequency (ICRF) waves tend to form highly anisotropic distribution functions. These distributions play an important role in the collisional redistribution of the absorbed power to the thermal background ions and electrons, stabilising or destabilising both MHD eigenmodes and plasma turbulence. Modelling the distribution functions, however,...
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Fundamental Plasma Physics - Theory (BSAP)Plenary and Invited Presentation
The particle dynamics in plasmas has a highly multi-scale nature in terms of spatial scales, temporal scales, and energy range. In the solar wind, it spans about eight orders of magnitude in length (from fractions of the electron gyroradius to the Sun-Earth distance) and about five in energy. These ranges are way more extreme in astrophysical systems. Tackling the particle dynamics is thus a...
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Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
Fusion power plants based on magnetic confinement concepts will operate in long-pulse, largely burning plasma regimes with intense high-energy neutron fluxes, gamma radiation, and high thermal loads. In this environment, today’s scientific multi-diagnostic approach becomes impractical, since these systems are typically one-of-a-kind, low-TRL solutions that are not optimised for harsh...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
We develop a multi-ion closure framework for tokamak plasmas by solving the drift-kinetic equation using the moment-Fourier method. The model extends our previous single-ion formulation to plasmas containing multiple ion species and consistently incorporates inter-species collisional effects in the moment system. As a representative case, we consider a deuterium–carbon plasma, assuming a...
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Inertial Confinement Fusion (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Time-resolved neutron measurements provide critical insight into the dynamics of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions, enabling discrimination between igniting and non-igniting plasmas and helping to diagnose the origins of shot-to-shot performance variability. However, accessing temporal information from neutron diagnostics typically requires complex or detector-intensive approaches...
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Mr Fariborz Navand (Brunel University of London, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, London, UK)Agricultural and Bio-medical Applications (LTDP)Poster Presentation
Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJs) driven by noble gases are investigated for plasma medicine due to their ability to generate reactive species at near-ambient temperatures. However, achieving stable operation while maximizing reactive species production requires understanding breakdown dynamics, discharge stability, power coupling, and plasma–air interaction...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Unlike current tokamaks, next-generation fusion devices like ITER will operate near marginal turbulence stability. ITER's Q=10 scenarios feature heating power densities of ~0.12 MW·m−3, which is an order of magnitude lower than ASDEX Upgrade or DIII-D (~2 MW·m−3). Under such conditions, slow, large-scale modes are likely to play as important a role as, if not more important than, in...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Turbulence in magnetically confined plasmas is a nonlinear multi-scale phenomenon, the understanding of which requires accounting for various multi-scale interactions. This work presents global gyrokinetic GENE simulations of multi-scale interactions between MHD- and ion-scale fluctuations in current-controlled discharges of a reversed-field pinch (RFP) and a tokamak. In the RFP, MHD-scale...
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LTP Plasmas for Sustainability (LTDP)Plenary and Invited Presentation
The intermittency of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar often results in electricity generation when demand is low, leading to curtailment and energy losses. Converting this surplus power into chemical energy carriers, such as ammonia, offers a viable storage route. Conventional ammonia synthesis via the Haber-Bosch process is efficient but inflexible and centralized. Non-thermal...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) is a promising method for realizing compact high-energy electron accelerators. This mechanism uses plasma waves generated via the interaction of intense ultrashort laser pulses with gas targets to accelerate electrons to relativistic velocities. The plasma medium can sustain electric fields up to 100 GV/m - three orders of magnitude higher than conventional...
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Mr Fernando Puentes-del Pozo (University of Seville; Centro Nacional de Aceleradores)Power Plant Design (MCF)Poster Presentation
The development of compact fusion power plants is essential to minimize capital costs and accelerate the commercialization of fusion energy. Achieving high power density at a reduced reactor scale requires a robust technological and physical framework. Within this context, High Temperature Superconductors (HTS) emerge as a critical enabler, allowing for significantly higher on-axis magnetic...
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Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
This contribution will first review the history of tokamak plasma physics research related to
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negative triangularity (NT), starting by explaining why it was disregarded early on, based on
ideal MHD considerations [1]. Nevertheless, leveraging on the pioneering work on TCV, NT
studies have been extended to larger tokamaks among which DIII-D, AUG and even JET on its
last day of plasma... -
Kyungtak Lim (Nanyang Technological University)Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Conventional neoclassical theory for impurity transport is frequently derived under simplifying assumptions such as circular flux surfaces and large aspect ratio, which are not generally satisfied in realistic tokamak equilibria [1]. These approximations become particularly questionable when comparing negative triangularity (NT) and positive triangularity (PT) plasmas: although NT operation...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
See attached file
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Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
The alkali beam emission spectroscopy (A-BES) system at W7-X is routinely used to reconstruct edge plasma electron density profiles from measured light emission in post-experiment analysis. While the diagnostic is capable to resolve high-frequency fluctuations in the plasma edge, the current data processing chain is not suitable for real-time use: obtaining a density profile from the...
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Astrophysical Plasmas (BSAP)Poster Presentation
Collisionless shocks are a quintessential problem in astrophysical plasma processes, driving plasma heating, magnetic field amplification, and particle acceleration. However, modeling these systems is notoriously difficult due to their multi-scale nature, where kinetic processes operating at microscopic scales significantly influence large-scale dynamics. Capturing the nonlinear interplay...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Progress in laser-driven ion acceleration is increasingly constrained by the need to characterise highly transient, stochastic plasma dynamics while preserving the ion beam for downstream applications. Many emerging uses require continuous, reliable spectral information without intercepting or perturbing the beam, yet the proton energy spectrum—encoding key information on sheath formation,...
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High Energy Density Plasmas, Warm Dense Matter, and Atomic Physics in Plasmas (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Magnetization has proven to be an effective strategy for enhancing α-particle confinement, reducing thermal conduction losses, and achieving higher fusion yields compared with conventional inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions. Amplification of an externally applied ~10 T magnetic field up to the kT level during the implosion leads to the development of strong spatial gradients in...
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Disruptions and Runaway Electrons (MCF)Poster Presentation
Disruption mitigation remains a critical challenge for future tokamaks, where runaway electron formation during the disruption may lead to severe wall damage (Ratynskaia, 2025). Studies have shown that minimizing the hot-tail seed is crucial for achieving runaway electron mitigation in large tokamaks ([Vallhagen,...
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Astrophysical Plasmas (BSAP)Poster Presentation
The Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) instability plays a crucial role in the dynamics of many astrophysical systems, particularly during the evolution of core-collapse supernovae. In such environments, intense neutrino fluxes cannot be neglected, as they are the primary carriers of energy and momentum. In this work, we investigate the influence of neutrino beams on hydrodynamic Rayleigh–Taylor instability...
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
Plasma fluid equations feature nonlinear geometric source terms associated with fictitious forces, which pose significant challenges for robust and accurate high-fidelity simulations. We present a reformulation of the fluid hierarchy that rigorously preserves conservation properties while concealing explicit geometric source terms. The approach recasts the governing equations into forms that...
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Solar and Space Plasmas (BSAP)Plenary and Invited Presentation
The hyperspectral camera for auroral imaging (HySCAI), which can provide a two-dimensional (2D) aurora image with full-spectrum coverage, was developed to explore a new frontier in auroral optical observation. HySCAI consists of an all-sky lens, a monitor camera, a galvanometer scanner that scans a slit image of the spectrograph onto the all-sky image plane, a grating spectrograph, and an...
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Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
Plasma turbulence in tokamaks can self-organize into large-scale structures known as Zonal-Flows (ZFs). These axisymmetric flows can shear turbulence, steepen kinetic profiles and are expected to play a major role in transitions to improved confinement regimes. However, measuring turbulence self-organization is challenging and requires diagnostics capable of resolving a wide range of...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Achieving high-performance H-mode operation without Edge Localized Modes (ELMs) is a critical goal for future fusion reactors, particularly for devices with full metal walls like ITER and BEST. In the EAST tokamak equipped with ITER-like tungsten plasma-facing components, we have achieved a stationary ELM-free regime with improved global energy confinement by injecting Nitrogen. This work...
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Inertial Confinement Fusion (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Extreme pressures and steep temperature gradients are ubiquitous in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) laser–plasmas. In these regimes, magnetic fields may be self-generated by a variety of mechanisms, most notably the Biermann battery and Weibel instability, which in turn modify thermal transport. Because transport in these conditions is non-local, flux-limited Braginskii models are...
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Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Poster Presentation
Nonlinear power deposition and efficiency loss of lower hybrid current drive
The nonlinear power deposition in the scrape-off layer (SOL) plasma of lower hybrid waves (LHWs) at high plasma density has been one of the major concerns of the studies in lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) since the earliest LHCD...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Geodesic acoustic modes (GAMs) are axisymmetric oscillations that develop in toroidal plasmas because of the compression of the poloidal E×B flow [1]. Being part of the complex interplay between drift-wave turbulence and zonal flow dynamics [2], their role in turbulence regulation is actively investigated [3]. By taking the nonlinear modification of the dispersion properties of the plasma due...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Quantitative and lightweight prediction of turbulent transport and profile formation has an important role in the fusion plasmas. To this end, some integrated simulation code which use reduced model and machine learning prediction has been developed. However, these predictions are too simplified and often have limitations in sufficiently capture the nonlinearities of turbulent transport.
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We... -
Kikyung Park (Department of nuclear engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea)Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
Electron Cyclotron Emission (ECE) diagnostics have been widely adopted to measure local electron temperature in tokamaks assuming a Maxwellian electron distribution [1]. The presumption of local temperature measurement often fails for ECE emitted by nonthermal electrons, notably runaway electrons (REs). It is necessary to identify the nonthermal electron distribution function and correct the...
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Astrophysical Plasmas (BSAP)Poster Presentation
Collisionless shocks are ubiquitous in the Universe, playing a central role in plasma
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heating, magnetic field amplification and nonthermal particle acceleration, in both
space and astrophysical plasmas. Yet our understanding of how the ambient plasma
conditions impact the dominant shock processes is still not fully understood.
In this work, we present the results of fully kinetic... -
Inertial Confinement Fusion (BPIF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
The Fourth-generation Laser for Ultrabroadband eXperiments (FLUX) was recently activated at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics to study the effects of laser bandwidth on laser-plasma instabilities. FLUX delivers a spectrally incoherent beam with 5 nm of bandwidth centered around 351 nm to the target chamber of the Omega Laser Facility. FLUX was initially used was used to demonstrate a novel...
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Other - MCFPoster Presentation
Accurate tokamak performance prediction requires time-dependent, self-consistent modeling of free-boundary equilibrium, transport, heating/current drive, passive-structure response, and stability. We introduce Next Step Fusion simulator (NSFsim), an advanced, evolving integrated modeling solution for tokamak design, scenario development, machine optimization, and operation simulations. NSFsim...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Ion acceleration is a key phenomenon in relativistic laser-plasma interactions, with applications in ultrafast plasma diagnostics, warm dense matter, or nuclear physics. While standard solid targets are easily implementable and robust, they generate debris and require realignment, hampering high-repetition-rate operation. Gaseous targets are a promising alternative–they are self-regenerating,...
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Fundamental Plasma Physics - Theory (BSAP)Plenary and Invited Presentation
Polarized positrons and gamma rays are pivotal for probing fundamental physics, yet their generation has long been constrained by a fundamental trade-off between yield, polarization, and efficiency. Conventional methods suffer from low yields or significant depolarization, while existing laser-driven approaches typically produce only transversely polarized particles.
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This talk presents a... -
Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Poster Presentation
Neutral Beam Injection systems for ITER will heat and drive current in the
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plasma. For such a large tokamak, high beam energies (1 MeV and 0.87 MeV in
hydrogen (H) and deuterium (D), respectively) are required. The negative ion
source will have to satisfy the stringent ITER requirements: high extracted negative ion current density, low co-extracted electron current density, high... -
Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Control of impurity transport in tokamaks is crucial for achieving and sustaining good confinement in fusion reactor plasmas. Impurities can have both beneficial and detrimental effects depending on their concentration, species, and spatial distribution. For example, impurity seeding in the edge region mitigates divertor heat loads, whereas contamination by high-Z impurities such as tungsten...
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Yawei Hou (Anhui Jianzhu University)Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
Abstract: In tokamak plasmas, energetic particles (EPs) produced by heatings and fusion reactions can drive Toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes (TAEs) and Energetic particle modes (EPMs), which affect the plasma performance. We perform an eigen-analysis of AEs using the code AWEAC (Alfvén Wave Eigen-Analysis Code) and simulation using the MEGA code on the EAST #38300 discharge. The linear simulations...
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Laser and Particle Beam Interaction with Plasmas, Hydrodynamics and Instabilities (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Numerical Study of the impact of laser irradiation parameters on X-ray Conversion of different materials
Mathieu Peret1, Olivier Poujade1
CEA DAM-DIF, 91297 Arpajon, FranceAbstract:
The conversion of laser energy into X-ray emissions in plasma is of fundamental interest for indirect drive inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and has broader applications in X-ray source production....
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Laser and Particle Beam Interaction with Plasmas, Hydrodynamics and Instabilities (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Understanding the evolution of magnetic fields in laser-produced plasmas is vital for advancing Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) research. This study focuses on the influence of self-generated and externally applied magnetic fields on the interaction of high-power laser beams with foam targets, leading to foam homogenization, a critical step in ensuring plasma uniformity for subsequent...
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Ultra-high Intensity Laser-matter Interaction and High-field Physics (BPIF)Poster Presentation
We investigate signatures of coherent radiation in collisions between a dense charged-particle bunch and an intense laser pulse. We focus on the regime in which the bunch size exceeds the radiation wavelength, a situation where coherent emission is generally expected to be suppressed. However, we demonstrate that coherent radiation can remain strong in directions close to the laser propagation...
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Fundamental Plasma Physics - Laboratory (BSAP)Poster Presentation
Fluctuations play an essential role in structure formation and transport in magnetized plasmas. Recent studies have shown that interactions between small-scale and large-scale structures strongly influence plasma behavior. To understand such multiscale dynamics, it is necessary to observe not only small but also large-scale fluctuations covering their two-dimensional structures over the entire...
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Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
Thomson scattering systems measure electron temperature under the assumption that the motion of electrons is fully isotropic. However, recently, electron temperature anisotropy has been observed in LHD experiments by spectroscopic diagnostics [1][2]. Thomson scattering diagnostic system is also considered suitable for studying the anisotropy of electron temperature because it directly observes...
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Other - MCFPoster Presentation
P. Brinker, H. He, R. D. Smirnov, A. Marinoni, S. I. Krasheninnikov
University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
The simplicity of the magnetic plasma confinement in a dipolar configuration makes such plasma quite attractive for the application to magnetic fusion [1-5]. However, it has a significant downside – the necessity to levitate the coil producing the dipolar...
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Florian Müller (Technical University of Munich), Max Martin (University of California, San Diego)Other - MCFPoster Presentation
The simplicity of the magnetic plasma confinement in a dipolar configuration makes such plasma quite attractive for the application to magnetic fusion [1-5]. However, it has a significant downside – the necessity to levitate the coil producing the dipolar magnetic field to avoid plasma-material interactions. Whereas such a drawback of the dipolar plasma confinement is manageable for...
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Fundamental Plasma Physics - Theory (BSAP)Plenary and Invited Presentation
The fundamental closure of the BBGKY hierarchy is based on largeness of the plasma parameter, g, the number of particles in a Debeye sphere. Closure yields the Hamiltonian [1] Vlasov-Maxwell (VM) equations and/or the metriplectic [2] VM equations with the Landau-Lenard-Balescu (LLB) collision operator. Both models are used with arbitrary initial conditions, with the latter model having a...
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Laser and Particle Beam Interaction with Plasmas, Hydrodynamics and Instabilities (BPIF)Oral Presentation
Orbital angular momentum (OAM) transfer in laser-plasma interactions is a fundamental process far less understood than energy or linear momentum transfer. However, it has important direct applications, such as the production of strong magnetic fields.
Previous studies of angular momentum transfer in laser–plasma interactions have investigated both dissipative processes, as well as single...
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Inertial Confinement Fusion (BPIF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
Inertial Fusion, proved by the NIF's milestone achievement of ignition and gain of ~4, is a scientifically mature concept for Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE). However, the NIF's indirect-drive method faces challenges in scaling to a commercially required gain of ~100. Laser-Direct Drive (LDD) is a compelling alternative, offering high efficiency gain by coupling ~5× more laser energy directly to...
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Dr Filip Grepl (The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC - ELI Beamlines facility)Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Poster Presentation
The Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI) Beamlines facility provides the international research community with access to high-repetition-rate laser systems. One of the available experimental platforms is the ELIMAIA (ELI Multidisciplinary Applications of laser-Ion Acceleration) beamline, designed to provide characterized laser-driven ion beams for applications in physics, materials science, and...
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Dusty and Strongly Coupled Plasmas (LTDP)Poster Presentation
The future complex plasma facility COMPACT [1] will allow the investigation of large three-dimensional complex plasmas under microgravity conditions aboard a space station. COMPACT is a project with international scientific contributions, supported by space agencies (DLR, NASA, ESA) and NSF.
Camera-based observation of dust particles is the most important diagnostic for complex plasma...
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Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Poster Presentation
High-performance plasma operation in tokamaks is a key requirement for realizing fusion power generation. Internal Transport Barriers (ITBs) enable improved energy confinement and have been intensively investigated from both modeling and experimental aspects as a promising regime for advanced tokamak operation. It is known that ITB formation can be illustrated based on heating and current...
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Ultra-high Intensity Laser-matter Interaction and High-field Physics (BPIF)Oral Presentation
High laser intensities enable the production of electron-positron pairs from bright gamma rays passing through strong fields. Potentially the most promising approach for all-optical experiments in the near term uses dense but higher divergence electron beams from laser wakefield acceleration to produce gamma rays through inverse Compton scattering. Achieving many-photon collisions between...
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Fundamental Plasma Physics - Laboratory (BSAP)Poster Presentation
Electron-positron “pair plasmas” – comprising two species with equal mass but opposite charge – are an experimental “grand challenge” in fundamental plasma science. Trapping these unusual matter-antimatter hybrids in the laboratory will open up opportunities to benchmark theory and simulation predictions for plasma behavior in the limit of mass symmetry. The APEX (A Positron Electron...
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Edge and Pedestal Physics (MCF)Poster Presentation
Resonant Magnetic Perturbations (RMPs) has been demonstrated as a robust tool for suppression of Edge Localized Modes (ELMs) in present tokamaks, such as EAST [1], while its effects on fast-ion losses challenge the achievements of ITER’s main goal for fusion gain Q=10 operation. Key issues to achieve optimized control with balanced suppression effect and fast-ion losses are the deep...
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Stellarator Physics and Optimisation (MCF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
The non-axisymmetric toroidal magnetic geometry of a stellarator presents a vast space, in which one can find designs of different shapes and properties, filling a number of different stellarator classes. This talk focuses on the quasi-isodynamic (QI) stellarator, which promises a number of uniquely attractive properties that make it a front-runner for future stellarator power plants. ...
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Dusty and Strongly Coupled Plasmas (LTDP)Poster Presentation
Dusty plasmas provide an ideal platform for studying strongly coupled systems, exhibiting behaviours similar to condensed matter systems. Extensive research has been done using dusty plasma in strongly coupled regimes to understand the collective behaviour, lattice formation, phase transitions, phonon modes, etc. One can use these strongly coupled dusty plasmas to study the collective...
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Stellarator Physics and Optimisation (MCF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
The Helically Symmetric eXperiment (HSX) is a mid‑sized stellarator designed to investigate quasi‑symmetry as an approach to stellarator optimization. With its major radius of 1.2 m and magnetic fields up to 1.25 T, HSX routinely achieves electron temperatures above 1 keV, making it a valuable platform for addressing key scientific and technological challenges on the path toward a fusion power...
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Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Oral Presentation
High beta discharges with normalized Larmor radius (ρ*), and normalized beta (βN) relatively close to JT-60SA scenarios hybrid and advanced were realized in a new series of experiments on JET-ILW[1]. The strategy of these experiments was to explore high normalized beta (βN) values, MHD effects at different BT ( Toroidal Magnetic field on axis) and find discharges with mild MHD. JET/JT-60SA...
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Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
ST40 is a high-field, compact spherical tokamak, with a mission to expand the physics and technology basis for this route to fusion energy. ST40 operates with deuterium neutral beam injection into deuterium plasmas, thus the occurrence of the following nuclear reactions is likely D + D → T + H, D + D → He + n (2.45 MeV), D + T → He + n (14 MeV). Two neutral beams are injected in ST40 plasma...
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
Oak Ridge National Laboratory is participating in MAST-U research with a focus on boundary plasma diagnosis and modeling related to power exhaust. Demonstrating control of reactor-scale heat fluxes with effective core-edge integration is a major part of the MAST-U mission, leveraging its unique capabilities such as the Super-X divertor. The ORNL activities are primarily in three categories: 1)...
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Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
LM26 is a large-scale magnetized target fusion (MTF) experiment built to demonstrate that compressional heating of a spherical tokamak plasma can achieve fusion conditions. A coaxial helicity injector forms a magnetized plasma in a 7 cm thick cylindrical lithium liner inside a composite chamber. A surrounding 36-turn theta-pinch coil generates a strong magnetic field to symmetrically...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
At Wendelstein-7X (W7-X), the largest stellarator of HELIAS type, the neoclassical transport is reduced, and radial transport is mainly caused by turbulence. Gradients in either electron or ion temperature and electron density are driving fluctuations in the plasma core and edge. Within the OP2-campaigns, several high-frequency modes were observed. They show up as density fluctuations in...
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Disruptions and Runaway Electrons (MCF)Poster Presentation
It is well known that, in tokamak plasmas, electrons with an energy larger than a certain critical value will be continuously accelerated becoming runaway electrons (REs). Although REs are mostly created during disruptions, there is also concern about the initiation phase in future large tokamaks like ITER [1], which in order to succeed will require low enough prefill pressures, giving rise to...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Coherent Transition Radiation (CTR) is a primary mechanism for generating high-energy electromagnetic pulses (EMP) in ultra-high intensity laser-plasma interactions [1], reaching sub-Joule to Joule-level energies in the THz range [2,3]. Its characteristics are highly sensitive to the longitudinal and transverse properties of the laser-accelerated electron bunches as they cross the...
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Astrophysical Plasmas (BSAP)Poster Presentation
Treatments of particle acceleration in astrophysical plasmas generally treat the energetic particles separately from the background plasma. Ideal MHD suffices for the background, but it is essential to treat the anisotropy of the particles. The code Sapphire++ [1] does this by solving the Vlasov-Fokker-Planck (VFP) equation using a spherical harmonic expansion of the particle distribution...
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Plasma Control (MCF)Oral Presentation
This study presents particle transport modelling results for D/T ratio control experiments conducted during the JET DTE3 campaign [1]. Interpretative TRANSP and predictive JETTO simulations were performed to analyse the evolution of the D/T mixture [2] in these experiments [3]. Using simplified Bohm–gyroBohm-based transport models, the simulations successfully reproduced electron density,...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
A series of experiments was conducted on the WEST tokamak to study particle transport using gas puff modulation [1,2] under varying LHCD power and density conditions. Leveraging long steady-state discharges (up to 40 s), a 5-point LHCD power scan (0-4 MW) and a 3-point density scan (1.8–2.7×1019 m-3 at ρ_pol~0.95) were completed. Real-time density control, operating at sufficiently low...
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Edge and Pedestal Physics (MCF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
Experiments on ASDEX Upgrade investigate how plasma shaping and the poloidal beta (βpol) affect pedestal behaviour in H-mode plasmas. The focus is placed on the transition from type-I ELMy H-mode to the quasi-continuous exhaust (QCE) regime, which is accessed experimentally by increasing plasma shaping while keeping βpol approximately constant. The dataset spans a wide range of shaping...
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Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Poster Presentation
Since the 2023 experimental campaign, the KSTAR lower divertor has been replaced with tungsten (W) monoblock components. Following this transition to a metallic wall environment, degradation of pedestal performance was observed compared with the former carbon wall environment. In particular, the thermal pedestal temperature decreased to ~0.3 keV under ~5 MW of auxiliary heating power, whereas...
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Arnaud Lafay Labrosse (KTH, Royal Institute of Technology)Edge and Pedestal Physics (MCF)Poster Presentation
ITER is planned to start operation using radiofrequency (RF) only, with a high fraction of heating power using electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH). Typically, most machines heat the plasma either with neutral beam injection (NBI) only or with a combination of RF and NBI heating. Between ECRH and NBI, the particle sources and the heating distribution between ions and electrons are...
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Other - MCFPoster Presentation
Reliable modelling of pellet fuelling is a key ingredient for integrated modelling in present fusion devices and in ITER-relevant regimes. This work presents a significant upgrade to the pellet modelling code HPI2 [1,2]. Traditionally, HPI2 relied on a constant space discretization parameter for calculating plasmoid properties within the plasma, introducing a degree of arbitrariness and...
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Laboratory Astrophysics (BSAP)Oral Presentation
Relativistic outflows enriched with electron-positron pair plasma can be found in various highly energetic astrophysical environments, such as those around active galactic nuclei, black holes, or in the jets of gamma ray bursts. Understanding the mechanisms involved in the generation of particular types of plasma instabilities during the propagation of such jets is important in order to...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Radial transport processes in the hot plasma are one of the main topics in nuclear fusion research. As related transport coefficients are expected to depend not only on the gradient of the quantity for which the flux is evaluated but also on other plasma parameters, the most common way to describe the transport is by using a transport matrix with substantial off-diagonal terms. Experiments to...
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Fundamental Plasma Physics - Theory (BSAP)Poster Presentation
The modified Hasegawa-Wakatani system is a minimal model of drift wave turbulence with waves, flows and linear instability. It also provides a transition between two dimensional hydro-dynamic like turbulence, and a quasi-one-dimensional zonal flow dominated turbulence. Defining the ratio of the adiabaticity parameter to the background density gradient as the control parameter and the zonal to...
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Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
Accurate measurements of plasma electron density can be challenging for long running fusion reactions as complete temporal information from startup is necessary. Furthermore traditional techniques can introduce errors due to fringe jumping. Here we present a prototype interferometer that can measure relative phase. It is based on dual frequency comb spectroscopy with quantum cascade lasers at...
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Solar and Space Plasmas (BSAP)Plenary and Invited Presentation
The velocity distribution functions (VDFs) of space plasmas typically exhibit non-Maxwellian features owing to the extremely low level of collisionality. Fine velocity-space gradients in the VDFs may play a crucial role in plasma heating and dissipation, as they can inhibit the reversibility of energy exchange between fields and particles once a sufficient degree of phase-space complexity is...
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
Tearing modes are large-scale magnetohydrodynamic instabilities in tokamaks that lead to the formation of helical structures known as magnetic islands. Magnetic islands containing accumulated impurities are called radiative tearing modes. Impurity accumulation inside an island is expected to increase the growth rate of a tearing mode. Impurities radiate and cool the island interior, which in...
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Power Plant Design (MCF)Oral Presentation
A study is being carried out within EUROfusion to address the feasibility of a Volumetric Neutron Source (VNS). VNS is a medium-size tokamak (R = 2.67 m, B0 = 5.6 T, A = 4.25, Ip = 2.54 MA) operating D-T plasmas, able to achieve a significant neutron wall load (approximately 0.5 MW/m2) on long pulses, to be built and operated in parallel to ITER. Purpose is to test and qualify in-vessel...
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Power Plant Design (MCF)Poster Presentation
This presentation will describe physics design activities for a fully nuclear A=2, R=4-4.5m Spherical Tokamak Advanced Reactor (STAR) targeting 100-500MWe net electric power, tritium breeding ratio > 1 and including integrated vertical maintenance, power exhaust, and neutronics analysis. STAR operational scenarios have emphasized full non-inductive current drive with approximately 80%...
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juan Huang (Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China)Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
EAST has achieved a pivotal breakthrough by sustaining a steady-state high-confinement plasma for 1066 seconds with an injected energy of 3.05 GJ, setting a world record for both pulse duration and cumulative energy input. This major achievement integrates high-confinement performance with low momentum input, efficient heating and current drive, water-cooled tungsten divertors, active control...
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Ultra-high Intensity Laser-matter Interaction and High-field Physics (BPIF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
With today’s accelerator and laser facilities, such as the 10 GeV FACET-II facility at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory or laser-accelerated electron beams at multipetawatt laser facilities, extreme beam physics is emerging as a promising science area where ultrashort and dense electron beams can be used as a source of TV/m fields, enabling high field matter interaction and new...
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Raqel Gonzalez-Arrabal (Instituto de Fusión Nuclear “Guillermo-Velarde” and Departamento de Ingeniería Energética, ETSI de Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain)Inertial Confinement Fusion (BPIF)Oral Presentation
Nuclear fusion is a promising option for future large-scale energy supply. There are two main approaches to fusion energy: magnetic confinement fusion (MCF) and inertial confinement fusion (ICF). In 2022 ICF achieved, by the first time, ignition with gain at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). Since then, several campaigns carried out in it have replicated this milestone, achieving...
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Other - BPIFPoster Presentation
At the Chilean Nuclear Energy Commission (CCHEN), plasma focus devices ranging from sub-joule to mega-joule scales are under active investigation. This presentation will detail and discuss results from a kilojoule-range device, PF-2kJ. Fundamental experiments on charged-particle, X-ray, and neutron emissions are conducted with applications in mind, particularly in the biological sciences...
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Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Poster Presentation
Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP) is a programme to design, construct and operate the UK’s first fusion power plant, which will be constructed in the 2030s. STEP is designed to have a large vacuum vessel, as the plasma volume should be large enough to produce 1.5 GW of fusion power. On the other hand, due to the spherical torus geometry, the central stack space for the central...
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Alessandra Tonel (Università di Padova-Centro Ricerche Fusione, Italy)Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
Plasma rotation is a phenomenon of great interest in magnetic fusion research, since it is able, for example, to mitigate turbulence[1], contributing to the transition to the H-mode, and to shield magneto-hydro-dynamic (MHD) instabilities [2,3].
It has been observed in different devices [4-7] that plasma rotation can brake in the presence of magnetic islands or by externally applied...
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Edge and Pedestal Physics (MCF)Oral Presentation
Early studies in JET-C already indicated that the power threshold for the L-H transition (PLH) depends on plasma magnetic configuration [1]: PLH is lower in plasmas with strike points on horizontal targets (HT) when compared with vertical target (VT) plasmas. Initial studies in the JET-ILW have shown that even small changes in outer strike location can affect both PLH, and the density at which...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
A central challenge in plasma physics is understanding turbulence, which accounts for a large fraction of plasma transport. The Hasegawa–Wakatani system provides a minimal fluid framework for studying such dynamics. In this work, we employ a flux-driven formulation of the model, implemented using a pseudo-spectral code with a penalization method. This approach enables the self-consistent...
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Plasma Processing and Applications (LTDP)Plenary and Invited Presentation
Plasma and vacuum deposition technologies are transforming the possibilities in nanoengineering, particularly for porous thin films and low-dimensional materials, while also emphasizing sustainability and energy efficiency. In this presentation, we will share our latest advances in applying these techniques to design complex, supported nanoarchitectures with control over composition,...
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Plasma Processing and Applications (LTDP)Poster Presentation
Plasma-polymerized fluorocarbon (PPFC)–based nanocomposite thin films provide a multifunctional materials platform for a wide range of energy device applications. PPFC thin films fabricated by plasma-assisted sputtering processes exhibit a unique combination of ultra-low refractive index (~1.38), high optical transparency, chemical stability, dielectric properties, mechanical flexibility, and...
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Other - BSAPPoster Presentation
Research software is an essential component of modern research, and it is therefore vital that our tools are the best that they can be. PlasmaFAIR was funded in 2021 in order to improve the quality and sustainability of research software within plasma science, and has worked on over 30 projects to date, helping researchers around the world to make their software better tested, better...
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Mr Filip Šlosárek (Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering CTU in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic)Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
This contribution reports on recent technical and educational advances in the PlasmaLab@CTU laboratory [1, 2, 3], a facility dedicated to hands-on training in plasma physics and fusion-relevant technologies, with a focus on diagnostic methods in fusion. A significant modernization of a magnetic stand has been completed, featuring a new data acquisition system and the implementation of the...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
The Hasegawa-Wakatani (HW) system is the minimal non-trivial model for instability-driven tokamak turbulence, which exhibits the formation of zonal flows (ZFs) as an example of self-organisation. Particularly, it displays a phase transition between 2D turbulence and a quasi-1D ZF dominated state, as its linear parameters are varied, with a hysteresis loop around the transition point. It thus...
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Solar and Space Plasmas (BSAP)Poster Presentation
Kinetic Alfvén waves (KAWs) carry electromagnetic energy efficiently in the collisionless, high-$\beta$ magnetotail plasma sheet, where the response to wave pressure can be strong. We study the nonlinear formation of density cavities by the ponderomotive coupling between a dispersive KAW and a slow-mode density perturbation, using a reduced two-fluid Zakharov-type model that retains ion-sound...
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Albert Mollén (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)Other - MCFPoster Presentation
The Novatron magnetic mirror is a novel concept for a fusion reactor [J. Scheffel et al., Nucl. Fusion 65 (2025) 066011]. The first experimental device, N1, is already operating at the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, while the next generation device is being designed. To attain good performance the particle- and energy confinement along the magnetic field lines is...
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
Plasma-wall interaction, or more generally the scrape-off layer (SOL, region of the plasma with open magnetic surfaces), plays a key role in controlled magnetic fusion, both in terms of machine integrity and fusion performance. In these regions we observe a complex interaction between the plasma and the neutrals, whose presence can be due to recycling, gas injection, outgassing or simply...
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
Plasma exhaust is a major challenge for the realization of magnetic confinement fusion. The X-Point Target (XPT) divertor configuration, characterized by a long-legged divertor and a secondary X-point within the divertor volume, is a promising magnetic geometry for meeting power exhaust requirements in a fusion power plant. It offers several potential advantages, including radiation...
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368. Predict-first integrated modeling of WEST long pulse operation with combined ECRH/ECCD and LHCDScenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Poster Presentation
The WEST tokamak provides key insights into long pulse operation in a full tungsten environment, anticipating challenges for ITER-like reactors. WEST Lower Hybrid Current Drive (LHCD) enables fully non-inductive regimes and has sustained plasmas for up to 22 minutes. However, its off-axis power and current deposition constrain the operational space in plasma current, density, and injected...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Poster Presentation
In laser-ion acceleration experiments, the leading edge of a high power laser pulse can cause target preionization and subsequent preexpansion multiple up to hundreds of picoseconds before the arrival of the main laser peak. The specific amount if target preexpansion is decisive for the ion-acceleration mechanism at play [1]. For dielectric targets, the start of target pre-expansion is...
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
The COMPASS Upgrade is a medium size tokamak ($R = 0.89~\mathrm{m}$, $a = 0.27~\mathrm{m}$) with a high magnetic field ($B = 5~\mathrm{T}$), high plasma density ($n_e \le 3 \times 10^{20}~\mathrm{m}^{-3}$), high plasma current ($I_p = 2~\mathrm{MA}$), and with a reactor relevant hot wall (up to $500~^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$). It is currently under construction at IPP CAS with first plasma planned...
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521. Predictive full radius integrated modelling of plasma current impact on WEST L-mode confinementScenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Poster Presentation
Recent integrated modelling of L-mode discharges has progressively increased its physics fidelity,achieving consistent modelling of current diffusion, heat, particle, and impurity transport across the whole radius. This integrated modelling approach provides a physics-based prediction of the energy confinement time τE, reaching an accuracy comparable to empirical scaling laws [1].
Eight...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
The Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP) is a proposed prototype fusion power plant designed to demonstrate net electrical power generation [1]. Among the plasma operating scenarios under consideration for STEP, a high radiation fraction ($f_{rad}=70\ \%$) electron cyclotron heated scenario has been selected as the focus of this modelling work. The flat-top phase of this scenario has...
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Other - LTDPPlenary and Invited Presentation
Boundary regions of low-pressure capacitively coupled plasmas (CCPs) – the presheath and sheath – govern ion acceleration, momentum transfer, and plasma–surface interactions, yet remain challenging to probe experimentally. In dual-frequency (2f) CCPs, the Electrical Asymmetry Effect (EAE) allows global tuning of plasma parameters via the relative phase between driving frequencies, but its...
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Stellarator Physics and Optimisation (MCF)Poster Presentation
Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) is a modular advanced stellarator [1], situated in Greifswald, Germany. The machine has operated since 2015, and the latest experimental campaign was finished at the end of May 2025. The W7-X coil system allows a flexible variation of magnetic configurations. The configuration space of the machine covers configurations with boundary iota values from 5/6 to 5/4, different...
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92. Profile effects on the dissipation of runaway beams by impurity injection in tokamak disruptionsDr Jose Ramon Martin-Solis (Universidad Carlos III de Madrid)Disruptions and Runaway Electrons (MCF)Poster Presentation
The generation during disruptions of MA beams of runaway electrons (REs) poses a serious concern for future fusion devices like ITER. Two layers of defense have been proposed: (1) preventing RE generation to avoid the formation of RE currents (RE avoidance); (2) mitigating the runaway beam by injection of deuterium or high-Z impurities by Shattered Pellet Injection (SPI) in case its formation...
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Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
The Modular Diagnostics Platform (MDP) [1] is a microwave-based, port-plug–integrated diagnostic system that consolidates a minimal yet sufficient set of fusion-plant-relevant measurements into a standardized and maintainable architecture. To support its development, prototype profile reflectometry (PR) and electron cyclotron emission (ECE) diagnostics are being developed and planned to be...
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Stellarator Physics and Optimisation (MCF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) is the first comprehensively optimised stellarator and the first magnetic fusion device to follow design principles derived from fundamental physics criteria, such as minimising neoclassical transport losses and plasma currents. As such, W7-X is a rigorous realisation of the stellarator concept, in which the plasma equilibrium depends only weakly on the plasma pressure....
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Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Poster Presentation
The TCV tokamak is a mid-sized device featuring versatile ECRH capabilities (2.6 MW in 2025), which have allowed fully non-inductive and steady-state discharges, with the current profile fully relaxed, to be run routinely since 1999. High confinement and a high bootstrap fraction - even reaching unity - could also be obtained in these steady-state conditions by sustaining electron internal...
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Dr William Fuller (Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Garching, Germany)Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
Outside the separatrix lies the scrape-off layer (SOL), within which the heat and particle flux from the core flows to the target; for which future devices may be in excess of $20\,\mathrm{MWm}^{-2}$. To mitigate such fluxes, a deeper understanding of transport in the SOL is vital. SOL transport is dominated by turbulent processes across a broad spectrum of time and spatial scales. For a...
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Laser and Particle Beam Interaction with Plasmas, Hydrodynamics and Instabilities (BPIF)Oral Presentation
X-ray phase contrast imaging (XPCI) is a cutting-edge diagnostic technique based on the phase shift of x-ray photons induced by a density gradient. By enhancing contrast through refraction and diffraction at material interfaces and density gradients, XPCI is particularly well-suited for imaging laser-driven shock propagation inside targets. In this work, we advanced the platform originally...
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Ultra-high Intensity Laser-matter Interaction and High-field Physics (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Interest in the generation of electron-positron beams via electromagnetic showers has grown with the advent of multi-petawatt laser facilities (Apollon \cite{Apollon}, ELI Beamlines \cite{ELI}) and acceleration technologies. The near-term feasibility of such sources has motivated us to investigate the properties of pair jets generated through SFQED processes in the collision between...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Oral Presentation
Proton beams generated via Target Normal Sheath Acceleration1,2 (TNSA) using the VEGA PW-class laser at CLPU were studied by covering pulse durations from 30–500 fs at fixed laser energies, spanning intensities from 2 × 1018 to 2 × 1020 W/cm2. This provided a unique, consistent dataset from a single campaign. Results show cut-off proton energies distribution versus pulse duration exhibit a...
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Laser and Particle Beam Interaction with Plasmas, Hydrodynamics and Instabilities (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Stopping power quantifies the energy transfer from an energetic particle (projectile) to a target material, which is generally expressed as the energy loss per distance travelled. For low-energy projectiles, nuclear stopping is the dominant contribution. This can be modelled using a binary collision model or molecular dynamics. For high-energy projectiles, excitation of electrons becomes the...
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Laser and Particle Beam Interaction with Plasmas, Hydrodynamics and Instabilities (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Plasma wakefield acceleration (PWFA) enables accelerating gradients one to two orders of magnitude higher than those achievable with conventional RF technology. High-energy proton beams presently available at facilities such as CERN have sufficient energy to accelerate leptons to the energy frontier in a single stage, with the plasma acting to mediate energy transfer from the proton driver to...
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Astrophysical Plasmas (BSAP)Poster Presentation
QED effects in high B-field environments (10^9 T) are vital in understanding the possible source(s) of radio emissions from observed pulsars. Rotating Radio Transients (RRATs), a subclass of radio pulsars, exhibit intermittent radio emissions whereby a pulsar is capable of temporary radio emission cessation over tens/hundreds of expected emission measurements.
In this paper the pulsar...
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Stellarator Physics and Optimisation (MCF)Poster Presentation
The ballooning stability threshold is known to manifest itself differently in tokamaks and stellarators. While in tokamaks, the stability threshold often sets a hard limit for plasma pressure, stellarators can operate beyond the ballooning stability threshold. The latter instead causes a soft beta limit associated with progressively worse confinement, but the device can still operate...
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Inertial Confinement Fusion (BPIF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
Cross beam energy transfer (CBET) is central to controlling implosion symmetry in all ignition designs at the National Ignition Facility (NIF), and can possibly be even more critical as laser driver energies increase from the current multi megajoule regime toward next generation facilities operating at approximately 10 MJ. In indirect drive inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments at NIF,...
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High Energy Density Plasmas, Warm Dense Matter, and Atomic Physics in Plasmas (BPIF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
The year 2025 had been designated by UNESCO as the International Year of
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Quantum Science and Technology. By now, quantum mechanics is the theoretical foundation of most fields of physics. Plasma physics, on the other hand, got away with classical physics methods for a long time. This has changed radically with the growing importance of dense plasmas, both in astrophysics and in the... -
Stellarator Physics and Optimisation (MCF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
Quasi-isodynamic (QI) magnetic fields are a uniquely attractive feature for stellarator power plants due to their low neoclassical transport and small toroidal currents [1], the latter offering robust plasma stability. It is for this reason that several stellarator companies, including Type One Energy [2] and Proxima Fusion [3], have based their power plant designs around QI magnetic fields....
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Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Poster Presentation
Radial correlation reflectometry analysis of tritium-rich and hybrid JET plasmas
A. Figueiredo$^1$, M. Maslov$^2$, C.D. Challis$^2$, C. Giroud$^2$, J. Hobirk$^3$, A. Kappatou$^3$, D.B. King$^2$, E. Lerche$^4$, JET contributors$^5$, and the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team$^6$
*$^1$ IPFN, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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$^3$ UKAEA,... -
Edge and Pedestal Physics (MCF)Poster Presentation
The radial electric field (Er) is known to have a significant impact on turbulent transport reduction [1] and a key role in the transition toward the higher confinement regime. Experimentally, the radial shape of the perpendicular velocity of density fluctuations, dominated by the ExB velocity, appears significantly influenced by the magnetic topology [2-5], the plasma current [2] and the...
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Disruptions and Runaway Electrons (MCF)Poster Presentation
Disruptions remain a major concern for the reliable operation of tokamaks. Impurity injection is therefore employed to radiate thermal energy prior to the thermal quench, yet achieving sufficiently deep and uniform impurity deposition remains challenging. On the EAST tokamak, we report a rapid event in which impurity penetration is abruptly intensified. The inferred inward impurity pinch...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Quantitative measurements of the wavenumber spectrum of electron-density fluctuations are important for extrapolating from current devices to future reactors. In this work, we made such measurements using Doppler backscattering (DBS). The measured wavenumber was varied by moving limited circular DIII-D plasmas vertically up and down within a single shot, which we call a bouncing ball plasma....
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Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
The Divertor Tokamak Test (DTT) facility, currently under construction at the ENEA Frascati Research Center (Italy), is designed to investigate power exhaust solutions at high divertor power densities [1]. Achieving the scientific and operational objectives of DTT requires a comprehensive and reliable diagnostic system. Among these, the bolometric tomography, providing measurements of the...
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Fundamental Plasma Physics - Laboratory (BSAP)Poster Presentation
Parametric instabilities of electromagnetic (EM) waves in plasma are non-linear processes which involve coupling between an incident EM wave, an electrostatic plasma wave and a scattered EM wave. These interactions are known to occur in magnetic and inertial confinement fusion, laser-plasma interactions, and in radio wave interactions with the ionosphere. An understanding of these phenomena...
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Anna Krupka (KU Leuven, Belgium)Fundamental Plasma Physics - Theory (BSAP)Poster Presentation
Plasma discontinuities such as shocks and contact surfaces play a crucial role in space and astrophysical plasmas, governing energy conversion, wave-flow interactions, and momentum transport. While the classical Rankine-Hugoniot (RH) conditions are traditionally formulated in primitive magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) variables, this representation obscures the underlying wave content of...
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Plasma Control (MCF)Poster Presentation
Reliable position and shape control in tokamak plasmas requires accurate real-time regulation of several strongly coupled shape parameters. The control vectors disentangling these couplings, hereafter referred to as Virtual Circuits (VCs), enable independent shape parameter control for a specific equilibrium. These VCs are conventionally computed in advance of an experiment using a small...
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Plasma Control (MCF)Poster Presentation
Plasma tomography is a notoriously ill-posed problem, due to the sparse-view and limited-angle diagnostic coverage. Bayesian inference provides a statistically sound framework for addressing this challenge, naturally enabling multi-diagnostic approaches and allowing uncertainty quantification. In this contribution, we show that Bayesian statistics offers a unifying perspective on the most...
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Plasma Control (MCF)Poster Presentation
The successful operation of future fusion reactors relies on achieving control of the plasma throughout the discharge. While this constitutes a major scientific challenge, it is also essential for ensuring reactor safety, reliability and optimal performance. Advanced control schemes are currently under development for this purpose, with ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) playing a central role.
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As part of... -
Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
urate reconstruction of plasma parameters is essential for the interpretation of edge and divertor plasma physics and the development of real-time control strategies. Classical techniques, such as Bayesian inference, provide reliable inferences but are often computationally expensive, limiting their applicability for fast analysis and real-time applications.
In this work, we present a...
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Laboratory Astrophysics (BSAP)Oral Presentation
We present updated results from magnetic reconnection experiments with both strong radiative cooling and the plasmoid instability [1,2]. These two plasma processes are intertwined with reconnection events across a wide range of astrophysical environments, including the interstellar medium, the solar chromosphere, and black hole accretion disks. The MARZ (Magnetic Reconnection on Z)...
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Edge and Pedestal Physics (MCF)Oral Presentation
A new divertor geometry enabling high shaping on DIII-D has been leveraged to achieve the highest pressure pedestals observed to date on the device. Peeling-ballooning model calculations suggested increased plasma triangularity and volume would allow the pedestal stability boundary to develop a broad channel of operation at high density and pressure simultaneously, leading to a state of a low...
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Stellarator Physics and Optimisation (MCF)Poster Presentation
The optimized stellarator Wendelstein 7-X is currently demonstrating the viability of the stellarator concept for a fusion reactor. The strength of the confining magnetic field has a decisive role in various key metrics for stellarators, with higher magnetic field being generally beneficial: improved confinement according to ISS04 scaling, reduced fast ion losses due to smaller orbits, smaller...
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
This work introduces a reduced model to predict the ‘resonance overlap threshold’ governing transport of fast ions (FIs) by toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes (TAEs) in tokamak plasmas. TAE-FI resonance occurs within distinct ‘resonance regions’ of particle phase space, which grow wider when the TAE mode amplitude increases. If these resonance regions are separate then FI transport is limited and...
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
In ITER, mitigation of Edge-Localized Modes (ELMs) is essential to limit transient heat loads on plasma-facing components and ensure reliable divertor operation. Non-axisymmetric Resonant Magnetic Perturbations (RMPs) are a primary candidate for ELM control. This work investigates the plasma response and edge magnetic topology induced by n=3 RMPs in ITER high edge safety factor (high-q) DT-1...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Good plasma confinement is essential for harnessing fusion energy.
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Negative triangularity (NT) has been shown to reduce turbulent transport, thereby improving confinement.
While the impact of NT on ion temperature gradient (ITG) instabilities remains unclear, both experiments and simulations consistently indicate its beneficial effect on trapped electron mode (TEM) instabilities [1,2].
A... -
Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
We present a reduced-order, data-driven surrogate model
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of MAST plasma evolution, targeting a compact performance
state xt = [Ip(t),Wn(t)], considering the internal plasma cur-
rent Ip, where neutron emission rates Wn serve as a global
reactivity proxy. Leveraging experimental data from MAST
campaigns 8 and 9, the model is conditioned on actuator sig-
nals, including poloidal field (PF)... -
High Energy Density Plasmas, Warm Dense Matter, and Atomic Physics in Plasmas (BPIF)Oral Presentation
Collisional ionization and recombination rates remain a major source of uncertainty in the spectroscopic modelling of solid-density plasmas. X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) provide a unique platform to generate warm dense matter with well-defined density and ultrafast energy deposition, enabling K-shell emission spectra to be used as sensitive diagnostics of ionization dynamics. However,...
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Fundamental Plasma Physics - Laboratory (BSAP)Poster Presentation
We present the first three-dimensional kinetic simulations of the formation and disruption of high-density, strongly rotating electron clouds trapped in Penning-like potential wells inside coaxial cavities. The simulations are performed with the FENNECS code [1], a particle-in-cell tool that solves the Boltzmann–Poisson system, including electron–neutral collisions and realistic particle–wall...
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Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
Hot cathode ionization gauges are used at Wendelstein 7-X for total pressure measurements in the ultra-high vacuum environment of the stellarator. These gauges operate by generating an electron beam through the acceleration of electrons emitted from a heated cathode, which then ionize residual gas molecules. The resulting ion current is used as a measure of the total pressure.
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The cathode... -
Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Poster Presentation
A primary objective of the Experimental Advanced Super-conducting Tokamak (EAST) is to demonstrate steady-state long-pulse high-performance plasma operation for future large-scale devices like ITER and CFEDR.
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In EAST experiments, the statistical results show that a high chord-averaged density is conducive to the broadening of the current profile as shown in Fig.1, which in turn leads to an... -
Laboratory Astrophysics (BSAP)Plenary and Invited Presentation
Large laser facilities now enables human to generate extreme conditions in the laboratory that can mimick astrophysical environments, creating a new research field known as "laboratory astrophysics." This field is a primary goal for major international facilities like NIF, Omega, Vulcan, and LULI. In China, large laser facilities such as Shenguang-II (SG-II), SG-III, and Xingguang-III (XG-III)...
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Inertial Confinement Fusion (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Accurate treatment of electron heat transport [1] in inertial confinement fusion plasmas requires closures that remain predictive far from local equilibrium and across disparate spatial and temporal resolutions. In this work, we develop a resolution-independent, data-driven heat flux closure using a neural operator framework trained on first-principles particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations [2]. A...
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Tuomas Laakkonen (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)Fundamental Plasma Physics - Theory (BSAP)Poster Presentation
Elliptic PDE solvers are widely used for computational tasks in plasma physics and related fields, both in modelling physical processes via electro- and magnetostatics, and as part of more complicated calculations - for example, the computation of Taylor-relaxed states, solutions to the Grad-Shafranov equation, electrostatic particle-in-cell methods, and coil shape optimization for...
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
Understanding and controlling power exhaust is crucial for the success of SPARC and other future tokamaks. This work presents a comprehensive review of power exhaust studies conducted across European tokamaks. The analysis integrates data from both carbon-based and metallic-wall regimes to characterize divertor heat fluxes. We detail the foundational research that established the empirical...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Poster Presentation
In Direct Laser Acceleration (DLA), energy is transferred directly from the fields of a laser pulse to electrons. Nonlinear propagation of the pulse, including the effects of self-focusing and filamentation, can interfere with DLA by distorting both the fields of the pulse and the quasi-static fields in the ion channel it produces. Here we show that a flying focus (FF) laser pulse can mitigate...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Laser Dynamics in the Acceleration of Electron Beams
The present Investigation improves previous analyses on the acceleration of electron beams by realistically convenient laser fields.
In the very original paper[1] we modeled the laser as an externally given plane wave structure. We then showed that the uniform laser field combined with a fixed and adequately nonuniform wiggler field is...
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Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Poster Presentation
Ion Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ICRH) is a key auxiliary system for present-day tokamaks and a crucial actuator for ITER baseline scenarios. Beyond plasma heating, ICRH contributes to scenario flexibility, impurity control, and fast-ion physics. However, its efficiency depends on a delicate interplay among wave coupling, single-pass absorption, plasma mixture control, impurity production and...
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
Good fast-ion confinement is an essential requirement for a fusion reactor. The most restrictive requirement is imposed by the heat load on the reactor walls: alpha particles that are rapidly lost, and thus retain most of their initial energy, could potentially damage the reactor components exposed to the plasma. Moreover, these alpha particles are intended to contribute to heat the plasma....
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Disruptions and Runaway Electrons (MCF)Poster Presentation
Runaway generation during disruptions in present-day tokamaks usually differs significantly from what is expected in reactor-scale devices. In ITER, a small number of seed runaway electrons are expected to form during the thermal quench (TQ) of disruptions, only to then multiply exponentially by many orders of magnitude during the subsequent current quench (CQ) [1]. On the TCV tokamak,...
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William Bin (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR))Disruptions and Runaway Electrons (MCF)Poster Presentation
An in-vessel radio-frequency (RF) antenna installed at the Tokamak à Configuration Variable (TCV) has been employed over the past few years to probe electromagnetic fluctuations associated with Runaway Electron (RE)-driven instabilities, covering the broad spectrum of RE scenarios achievable in the TCV plasma. In this work, a first interpretative analysis of the measured wave activity is...
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
One of the major challenges for development of tokamak reactors is disruptions caused by plasma instabilities, which can give rise to significant generation of runaway electrons [1]. The generation is exponentially sensitive to initial plasma current [2]. For tokamaks of reactor scale with plasma currents of several MAs, a significant fraction of the initial plasma current can be converted...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
The refurbished ASTRA8 suite of codes [1] is a powerful framework for interpretive and
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predictive modelling of transport in magnetic confinement plasmas.
Thanks to its flexibility and to the new json/NetCDF output file format, ASTRA8 can now
run with IMAS input, and also convert its output files to IMAS, currently the core profiles
and equilibrium IDSs. However the aim is to make ASTRA8 a... -
Disruptions and Runaway Electrons (MCF)Poster Presentation
The ITER Disruption Mitigation System (DMS) [1] utilizes Shattered Pellet Injection (SPI) technology [2], for which it is critical that the pellet arrives at the shattering head intact, with minimal propellant gas and debris preceeding it, in order to maintain disruption mitigation efficiency. An SPI system was developed in the ITER DMS Support Laboratory at the HUN-REN Centre for Energy...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Laser-driven neutron and radiation sources represent a compact alternative to conventional accelerator-based facilities. With recent advances in achievable repetition rates and increasing system availability, a range of new applications in industry, security, and medicine has become feasible. Here, we present an optimisation methodology based on a library of temporally resolved electron...
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Ultra-high Intensity Laser-matter Interaction and High-field Physics (BPIF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
Understanding how matter behaves under extreme conditions is a central challenge in plasma physics, with implications ranging from laboratory astrophysics to fusion energy research. Over the past decade, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) at X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) has emerged as a powerful diagnostic for studying laser-driven plasmas. Extreme states of matter are created when...
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Geunho Nam (Seoul National University)Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Poster Presentation
In Spherical Tokamak (ST) devices, the restricted volume of the central solenoid within the compact center stack significantly limits the available inductive volt-seconds. This constraint poses a major challenge for reaching MA-scale plasma current ($I_p$) required for the burning regime in a reactor ST [1]. Consequently, non-inductive current drive (NICD) is essential not only for flux saving...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Previous studies on the interaction between helium (He) ions and the drift wave–zonal flow (DW–ZF) system have typically adopted simplified representations, such as treating DW-driven transport as a local sink with fixed turbulence intensity [1] or considering He dilution effects with a non-evolving He profile [2]. In contrast, this work develops a self-consistent one-dimensional (1D)...
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Inertial Confinement Fusion (BPIF)Poster Presentation
In addition to the familiar functions of capturing neutron energy, breeding tritium and providing a coolant for heat extraction, inertial dt fusion reactors must typically also manage the shockwave driven by the pulsed energy delivery. In this work we show how the reactor in our FLARE concept (Fusion Via Low-Power Assembly and Rapid Excitation) uses a natural lithium blanket to perform these...
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Inertial Confinement Fusion (BPIF)Oral Presentation
Low-density polymer foams wicked with cryogenic liquid hydrogen are prime candidates to deliver nuclear fuel in inertial fusion power plants. These targets allow fast filling and uniform distribution of the fuel on the inside of a spherical capsule that is required for high-convergence implosions using laser-driven shock waves driven by ablation pressure. Their design requires high-precision...
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Laser and Particle Beam Interaction with Plasmas, Hydrodynamics and Instabilities (BPIF)Poster Presentation
We present the experimental results of proton acceleration obtained at the LFEX laser facility in Osaka, 1 kJ, 1 ps, I > 10¹⁹ W/cm², with foam targets of 3, 8, and 16 mg/cc and 200 microns thick, as well as with thin foil targets. For the 3 mg/cc foams, the proton distribution, emitted on the back side of the target, exhibits two hot temperatures: one of 1 MeV for energies below 8 MeV, and one...
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Plasma Control (MCF)Poster Presentation
Tokamak fusion plasmas must be confined at high temperatures and pressures to achieve optimum fusion power output, but such conditions may be compromised by the onset of the neoclassical tearing mode (NTM) instability. NTMs are characterized by the appearance of ‘magnetic islands’, modifications to magnetic field line topology that are detrimental to plasma confinement and may even prematurely...
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Joona Sissonen (VTT)Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
The complex stellarator magnetic field leaves a lot of room for optimisation. One of the optimisation criteria is a good confinement of the fusion-born 3.5 MeV alpha particles. Firstly, they must deposit the majority of their energy into the plasma so that the plasma stays sufficiently hot for the fusion burn to continue. Secondly, the alpha particles should not produce intolerable heat fluxes...
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Dr Leena Aho-Mantila (VTT)Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Poster Presentation
Heavy metallic first walls are attractive for fusion devices, but the impact of high-Z impurities in the plasma remains a concern. Recent design studies carried out for the STEP tokamak (planned for completion by 2040) have used a sequential approach with multiple simulation codes to model the radiative impact of tungsten (W) eroded by fast ions. This contribution presents the results of W...
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LTP Plasmas for Sustainability (LTDP)Poster Presentation
Nitrogen fixation (NF) and CO2 conversion are critical processes for sustaining global food production and mitigating climate change. Conventional nitrogen fertilizer production relies heavily on the energy-intensive Haber–Bosch process, which consumes 1–2% of global energy and emits over 300 million tons of CO2 annually, while remaining unsuitable for decentralized applications. Plasma-based...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
High-power (>TW), short-pulse (<ps) laser systems are generating significant interest worldwide due to their numerous applications in science, technology, medicine and industry. Each of these applications relies upon the plasma that is initially produced by the laser's interaction with the target matter. These laser-plasmas range widely in spatial scales from microns to millimeters, and their...
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Edge and Pedestal Physics (MCF)Poster Presentation
Tokamak pilot power plants will likely maintain fusion-relevant conditions in high confinement modes (H-modes), in which the core pressure profile is elevated by the formation of a "pedestal" near the plasma edge. However, the steep radial pressure gradient across the pedestal and the associated peak in the plasma current density (from the pressure-gradient dependent bootstrap current) often...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Poster Presentation
The soft X-ray (46.9 nm) Ne-like argon laser driven by capillary Z-pinch discharges is a promising source for a wide range of scientific and practical applications. Conventionally, the excitation system that produces the required hot, dense plasma relies on high-voltage (0.1-0.8 MV) Marx generators. Recently, we demonstrated a Marx-generator-free 46.9-nm laser operating at a low voltage (U =...
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
Understanding plasma transport in the edge and Scrape-Off Layer (SOL) regions is crucial for optimizing plasma performance and predicting heat loads on plasma-facing components. Limiter configuration, encountered in the start-up phase in all tokamaks, requires a precise characterization of power and particle decay lengths, especially for extrapolating to future devices like ITER....
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Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Poster Presentation
A compact net power-producing tokamak with tritium self-sufficiency may not be able to have a full-sized solenoid [1]. In such devices, the initial current generated via a solenoid-free plasma startup method must be ramped up predominantly by non-inductive current drive methods. Transient Coaxial Helicity, a solenoid-free plasma startup method, is well understood for scaling to reactors. It...
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
High heat loads on the plasma-facing components of tokamak divertors place strict constraints on the performance of future fusion reactors [1]. In 2025, ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) carried out the first campaign with its upgraded upper divertor [2], designed for high power operation (Psep/R > 10) in alternative divertor configurations (ADCs), e.g. the X-divertor, snowflake divertor, and compact...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
A validated, physics-based model of the L–H transition threshold is essential for estimating heating requirements in future burning-plasma experiments. However, no consensus has yet been reached on the mechanisms that trigger the transition, particularly regarding the generation of the initial flow shear believed to be required for turbulence suppression.
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The aim of this work is to improve... -
Edge and Pedestal Physics (MCF)Poster Presentation
In Quiescent H-mode (QH-mode), edge-localized modes (ELMs) are naturally replaced by a low-$n$ edge harmonic oscillation (EHO), yet the self-regulating transport mechanism driven by the EHO remains insufficiently understood. Using high-spatiotemporal-resolution imaging diagnostics on KSTAR—electron cyclotron emission imaging (ECEI) and broadband ECE—we resolve the eigenmode structure of the...
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Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Oral Presentation
The use of solid hydrogen pellets in magnetically confined fusion plasmas has been proposed both as a promising fueling technique and as a tool to investigate the effect of impurities on plasma dynamics. Pellets are typically injected at high speed, depositing fuel in the denser inner plasma regions, where the evaporation rate is higher. In this work, we present a spectroscopic model for the...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Laser-driven electrons sources are typically limited in charge for most of the envisaged applications when high energies and high beam quality (low divergence, small energy spread…) are also required. To overcome this limitation, at CEA, we propose a "hybrid injector", consisting of a gas-jet coupled with a plasma mirror. The key idea behind this concept is that the laser will eject a...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Drift wave turbulence in magnetically confined plasmas plays a crucial role in the self-organization of macroscopic structures, such as zonal flows, which are essential for regulating turbulent transport. In addition to these flows, turbulence can spontaneously form long-lived isolated vortices. Recent basic plasma experiments have suggested that these isolated vortices significantly...
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Laser and Particle Beam Interaction with Plasmas, Hydrodynamics and Instabilities (BPIF)Poster Presentation
In the context of inertial confinement fusion (ICF), laser-plasma interactions are susceptible to parametric instabilities such as stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), which reduce the coupling of the laser energy to the fuel and generate hot electrons detrimental to the fusion yield. Controlling these instabilities calls for a fine understanding of their growth rate and saturation...
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Plasma Control (MCF)Poster Presentation
Stationary, long-lived doublet plasmas lasting several current redistribution times have been obtained for the first time ever at TCV. Doublets are tokamak equilibria with two current maxima creating two ‘lobes’ delimited by a figure-8 separatrix and surrounded by a ‘mantle’ region of closed field lines. Doublets feature two unstable n=0 modes and have proven challenging to stabilize in past...
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Fundamental Plasma Physics - Theory (BSAP)Poster Presentation
Based on nonlinear gyrokinetic theory which captures the ion gyroscale, we proposed the wave-kinetic description of weak kinetic-Alfvénic turbulence in a low-β uniform plasma of axisymmetry, which conserves energy (generalized free-energy) and parallel-momentum (generalized helicity). We calculated the stationary power-law solutions corresponding to energy and parallel-momentum cascades using...
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Disruptions and Runaway Electrons (MCF)Poster Presentation
Understanding how precursor phenomena combine to trigger disruptions remains critical for reliable avoidance and mitigation in future devices. TCV offers a unique disruption testbed, with a broad diversity of naturally occurring precursor types and a large database of disruptive and non-disruptive discharges. In this work, we present results from an event-chain analysis performed on a large...
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Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Poster Presentation
The ITER Pulse Design simulator (PDS) is an open-source tool being developed by ITER Organization to design, optimize and validate pulses before operating them on the machine. The ITER PDS uses the Integrated Modelling and Analysis Suite IMAS associated with the Muscle3 persistent actor framework for self-consistent coupling between models. The initial version of the PDS includes the NICE...
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Stellarator Physics and Optimisation (MCF)Poster Presentation
In Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) several plasma operation scenarios have been developed for high-β operation, e.g. (i) cryogenic pellet fueling in electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) heated plasmas, (ii) cryogenic pellet fueling in ECR and neutral beam injection (NBI) heated plasmas, (iii) ECR heating during NBI heated plasmas, and (iv) by method (iii) using magnetic field configurations with a reduced...
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
Survival of extreme heat fluxes is one of the central technological challenges for practical thermonuclear fusion reactors. Present estimates for future fusion devices predict steady-state heat loads of 10 – 20 MW/m², yet uncertainties in predicted values highlight the need for next-generation plasma-facing components (PFCs) capable of withstanding potentially much higher loads.
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At the IPP... -
Stellarator Physics and Optimisation (MCF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
In recent years, the stellarator concept has attained increasing attention as an alternative path to a fusion reactor. The Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) experiment has successfully demonstrated power and particle exhaust with the island divertor, achieving high-performance operation and homogeneous detachment. However, the current open divertor geometry suffers from an unfavorable scalings of...
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Laser and Particle Beam Interaction with Plasmas, Hydrodynamics and Instabilities (BPIF)Oral Presentation
Spectral smoothing of laser pulses is considered a promising approach for controlling parametric instabilities and improving laser plasma coupling in inertial fusion research. A limited number of experiments with broadband lasers and contradicting theoretical results motivate a more general assessment of the pump bandwidth on the excitation of parametric instabilities in a spatially...
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LTP Plasmas for Sustainability (LTDP)Poster Presentation
Ammonia, primarily used in agriculture as the main feedstock for fertiliser production, is gaining attention as a potential energy carrier across various sectors. As demand continues to grow, there is a strong need for alternative production routes that enable decentralised, more sustainable, small-scale synthesis under milder conditions. Non-thermal plasma reaction systems have been widely...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Separatrix conditions, as the interface between open and closed field lines, influence SOL/divertor power and particle exhaust and are also correlated with core confinement and density peaking [1,2]. Multi-machine database studies consistently report strong sensitivities of global performance to edge parameters [3], motivating full-radius investigations of the underlying transport...
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Ultra-high Intensity Laser-matter Interaction and High-field Physics (BPIF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
State-of-the-art high-power laser systems are now enabling the exploration of quantum electrodynamics (QED) in the nonperturbative, strong-field regime, where electromagnetic fields approach or surpass the so-called critical “Schwinger” limit of QED [1]. In this extreme regime, phenomena such as nonlinear Breit-Wheeler pair production, vacuum birefringence, and quantum radiation reaction...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Poster Presentation
X-ray radiation is a fundamental diagnostic and imaging tool across science and technology. Traditionally, high brightness x-ray beams are generated using large scale facilities such as synchrotrons and free electron lasers. In recent years, however, plasma based accelerators have emerged as a transformative alternative, offering the capability to produce energetic electron beams and intense x...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Following the ITER re-baseline to a tungsten First Wall (FW), accurate modelling of heavy impurity contamination during the plasma ramp-up phase is critical [1]. While boronisation is expected to restore oxygen gettering properties of the wall, the lifetime of the boron layer is under investigation [2]. This work presents the validation of the SolEdge-HDG code against long-duration limited...
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Dr Yurii Martseniuk (National Science Center Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology)SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
In the preparation and research of high-temperature plasma for magnetic confinement fusion, wall conditioning is an important and necessary procedure. There are various methods for wall conditioning, one of which is glow discharge [1, 2]. Hydrogen or helium are usually used as working gases in glow discharge. A glow discharge is also used in the boronization procedure [3-5]. In this case, a...
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
COMPASS Upgrade (COMPASS-U) is a compact tokamak which is being built at the Institute of Plasma Physics in Prague [1]; COMPASS-U will explore various plasma scenarios, characterized by different magnetic fields, plasma currents and plasma shapes [2]. Systematic stability calculations with MARS-F code [3] were performed on the main representative scenarios for COMPASS-U operation and the most...
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Disruptions and Runaway Electrons (MCF)Poster Presentation
In tokamak disruptions, a runaway electron (RE) beam carrying multiple MAs of current in the form of multi-MeV electrons poses an intolerable risk to plasma-facing components. Knowledge of the RE distribution function is necessary to test the performance of mitigation schemes. Previous studies of the RE distribution based on synchrotron imaging have been performed in AUG1...
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Oral Presentation
Plasma scenarios with an X divertor configuration [1] developed on MAST Upgrade exhibit a reduction in heat and particle fluxes at the divertor targets compared with conventional divertor configurations. We use the Toksys [2] and TED [3] frameworks to modify a conventional divertor magnetic equilibrium to increase poloidal flux expansion at the target and apply feed-forward changes to poloidal...
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Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
Achieving core refueling and efficiently discharging core helium ash out of the reaction area is one of the key scientific problems that need to be solved urgently in fusion reactor operation. The transport characteristics of different physical components (multi-components) in plasma turbulence are of great significance for promoting the understanding of physical problems such as feeding, ash...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
The achievement of controlled nuclear fusion is hindered by anomalous radial transport driven by drift-wave turbulence, where the spatiotemporal organization of multiscale coherent structures—critical for transport regulation—remains unresolved. Key contradictions exist: (1) experiments show continuous wavenumber spectra but discrete frequency components; (2) traditional periodic boundary...
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
High energy gain fusion devices will exhibit for the first time both high opaqueness to neutrals and a very low collisionality Scrape-Off Layer (SOL). It is presently envisioned that in a Spherical Tokamak (ST) pilot plant, main chamber SOL plasma temperatures will be high enough to invalidate the fluid plasma approach, with kinetic effects becoming increasingly important to parallel heat...
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
In this contribution, we explore the effects of prompt re-deposition due to Larmor gyration on electron emission from hot tungsten plasma-facing components under conditions relevant to divertor plasmas in ITER. Field-assisted thermionic emission (within the Schottky regime), secondary electron emission and electron backscattering are treated by the 2D3V particle-in-cell code SPICE2, which also...
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ruggero barni (Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca)Plasma Processing and Applications (LTDP)Oral Presentation
Surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge characterization
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based on mass spectrometry diagnostic techniques
R. Barni, D. Pal, C. Riccardi
Dipartimento di Fisica G. Occhialini, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca,
Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126 Milano, Italy
Non-thermal plasmas in atmospheric air have been proposed as a tool aimed to various applications, including air purification, food... -
Dr Yiqian Li (Huazhong University of Science and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering)Plasma Processing and Applications (LTDP)Poster Presentation
Dental implants are used in dentistry to replace missing tooth roots, and their stable osseointegration with surrounding bone tissue is key to clinical success. The surface characteristics of the implant directly influence the efficiency of osseointegration and resistance to infection.
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This study investigates the efficacy of plasma treatment in enhancing the biological properties of titanium... -
Plasma Processing and Applications (LTDP)Poster Presentation
Rapid urbanisation and industrialisation have increased the demand for advanced air quality
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monitoring systems that are flexible, cost-effective, and seamlessly integrable into everyday
environments. The fabrication and evaluation of a textile-based chemiresistive gas sensor
developed on a nylon substrate using plasma surface treatment to enhance the deposition and
adhesion of reduced... -
Ultra-high Intensity Laser-matter Interaction and High-field Physics (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Ultra-high-intensity multi-petawatt lasers (I ≥ 10^22 W/cm2) enable access to the relativistic self-induced transparency regime. In this regime, initially opaque plasmas become transparent as electrons gain relativistic effective mass, lowering the plasma frequency. This fundamentally alters electron dynamics and allows the laser to propagate through increasingly dense targets. We employ 2D...
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Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Oral Presentation
We report on the development of discharge scenarios that enable long-term stabilization ($t > \tau_{L/R}$) of equilibrated high-performance plasmas in the optimized stellarator W7-X. The scenarios exploit repetitive pellet injection combined with second-harmonic O-mode heating, which together may raise the ion temperature beyond the ion-temperature clamping limit (>1.5 keV) and sustain a...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Overcoming current limitations on laser-driven ion energies requires the development of advanced acceleration mechanisms with enhanced efficiency. Here, we present particle-in-cell simulations of a hybrid ion acceleration scheme based on optically tailored plasma density profiles. In this approach, ions are initially pre-accelerated in a near-critical density plasma slab via the hole-boring...
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Ultra-high Intensity Laser-matter Interaction and High-field Physics (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Ultraintense laser–solid interactions offer a route to the QED–plasma regime, where collective dynamics and strong-field radiation emission become intertwined. A key step is to establish experimental conditions in which synchrotron-like emission from relativistic electrons dominates over collisional bremsstrahlung, which typically masks radiative signatures in solid-density targets at laser...
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
The Internal Transport Barrier (ITB) scenario, characterized by peaked core pressure profiles and a high bootstrap current fraction, is a promising operational scheme for future fusion reactors [1, 2]. Recent experimental studies have demonstrated that magnetic islands can effectively trigger ITBs [3-5]. However, magnetic islands intrinsically degrade plasma confinement and reduce the total...
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Edge and Pedestal Physics (MCF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
Authors: M. van Berkel*, G.L. Derks, L. Ceelen, T.O.S.J. Bosman, B. Kool, T. Ravensbergen, J.T.W. Koenders, C. Orrico, L.L.T.C. Jansen, J.J. Palacios Roman, A. Perek, H. Anand, M.R. de Baar, M. Bernert, D. Brida, I.S. Carvalho, B.P. Duval, D. Eldon, N. Fedorczak, O. Février, C. Galperti, S.S. Henderson, R.J.R. van Kampen, D. King, K. Kirov, O. Kudlácek, M. Lennholm, A. Leonard, N. Lonigro, J....
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
The presence of 2/1 tearing modes, single or double, has been observed during the current ramp-up phase of JET-ILW hybrid pulses with hollow electron temperature profiles. These modes can lock and trigger the disruption mitigation valve. About 6% of hybrid pulses disrupted in this way during experimental campaigns performed with deuterium plasmas in preparation of deuterium-tritium JET...
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Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
The dependence of plasma energy confinement time on the magnetic field was demonstrated to be much stronger in spherical tokamaks (STs), such as MAST, NSTX and GLOBUS-M2, than in conventional tokamaks with high aspect ratio A>2.5 [1]. The maximum toroidal field achieved in those STs was 0.9 T [2] and, therefore, to be applicable for future ST-based fusion devices with a foreseen toroidal field...
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Oral Presentation
This work presents a new integrated study of hydrogen isotope effects on scrape-off layer (SOL) transport, divertor performance, and pedestal fueling combining dedicated DIII-D H-mode experiments together with SOLPS-ITER simulations with full drifts. Matched H and D discharges were specifically designed to isolate isotope effects providing a systematic comparison of pedestal structure and...
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Kamran Pentland (UKAEA)Plasma Control (MCF)Poster Presentation
FreeGSNKE is a Python-based, open-source suite for solving a range of static and dynamic Grad–Shafranov equilibrium problems in tokamak fusion plasmas. It employs finite-difference discretisation with a Newton–Krylov nonlinear solver and is designed to integrate with modern machine learning and artificial intelligence libraries. FreeGSNKE supports static forward and inverse equilibrium...
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Edge and Pedestal Physics (MCF)Poster Presentation
Fusion reactors will have significantly smaller normalized gyroradius $\rho_* = \rho_i/a$ than present experiments. This fact has a rigorous mathematical consequence: if pedestal and edge gradients are bounded by gyrokinetic threshold and transport constraints [parisi:2024], then as $\rho_* \rightarrow 0$, the region governed by non-gyrokinetic physics (orbit loss-cone, etc.) becomes...
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Plasma Processing and Applications (LTDP)Poster Presentation
Using optically trapped microparticles, the sheath of a plasma can be probed in a non-invasive way. To investigate the effects of secondary electron emission from the surface of the electrode on the sheath of a capacitively coupled radio frequency plasma, the force on single optically trapped microparticles was measured as each particle traversed the plasma bulk and sheath toward the...
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Astrophysical Plasmas (BSAP)Oral Presentation
In astrophysical shocks, instabilities driven by the streaming of energetic particles into the upstream medium amplify magnetic fields and generate turbulence, enabling efficient cosmic-ray (CR) acceleration (Malkov et al., 2010). However, a complete and self-consistent picture of CR acceleration, spanning the initial generation of magnetic fields through their subsequent amplification and the...
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Other - MCFPlenary and Invited Presentation
One of the key elements of the 2024 ITER baseline is a revised ITER Research Plan (IRP) that has been developed in collaboration with experts from the ITER Members’ fusion institutes. It outlines the new strategy and timeline to reach the ITER Project specifications (including 500 MW of fusion power production with Q ≥ 10 for durations longer than 300 s in a reproducible way) through a...
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
The new eXtended Toroidal Accelerated PArticle Simulator (XTAPAS) is a recently developed hybrid simulation code conceived to describe the interaction between macroscopic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) activity and energetic particles in magnetically confined plasmas. The model couples a reduced MHD solver [1] to a full-F, full-orbit kinetic module (the previously TAPAS code [1][3]) that follows...
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Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
The Novatron is an innovative mirror-cusp device which theoretically overcomes the major challenges limiting the classic mirror machines. Interchange instabilities and neoclassical transport losses are resolved in Novatron due to the favorable magnetic curvature and axisymmetric geometry [1,2]. In addition, the physical aspect ratio of the device enables a large plasma to Larmor radius ratio,...
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Disruptions and Runaway Electrons (MCF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
We present a validated framework and physics basis for low-Z benign termination of runaway electrons (RE). This strategy uses hydrogenic injection as a first step, followed by a low q-edge MHD instability to deconfine and disperse the RE beam. Our multi-machine experimental campaign (AUG, COMPASS, DIII-D, JET, TCV) confirmed this robust two-step process. We established a minimum required...
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Fundamental Plasma Physics - Theory (BSAP)Plenary and Invited Presentation
In turbulent plasma flows, magnetic field and flow fluctuations interact, resulting in complex multi-scale energy transfer and conversion processes. Here, I discuss an analytical method to decompose the energy flux across scales in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence into terms that are physically interpretable and measurable from numerical and observational data. Applying this method to...
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Fundamental Plasma Physics - Laboratory (BSAP)Poster Presentation
The main goal of the APEX (A Positron Electron eXperiment) Collaboration is the creation and study of a quasi-neutral, low-temperature, matter-antimatter pair plasmas, using positrons and electrons. For this aim, we built an array of non-neutral plasma (NNP) traps for the generation of bright positron pulses. These pulses will be mixed with electrons in our neutral-plasma traps: a levitated...
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Inertial Confinement Fusion (BPIF)Poster Presentation
We analyse the behaviour of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability (RTI) in the presence of a foam. Such a problem may be relevant, for example, to some inertial confinement fusion (ICF) scenarios such as foams within the capsule or lining the inner hohlraum wall. The foam displays 3 different phases: by order of increasing stress, it is first elastic, then plastic, and then fractures. Only the...
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Mr Giridharan Paramasivam (Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas)Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
The nature of the turbulent energy cascade of various simple two-dimensional fluid models of ion temperature gradient driven turbulence is studied in some detail. In order to clarify the mechanisms of injection and dissipation, on top of which a nonlinear cascade picture can be developed, linear terms related to finite Larmor radius corrections, and small and large-scale dissipation terms are...
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Dr Nicholas Hartley (HEDS Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory)Inertial Confinement Fusion (BPIF)Oral Presentation
The pursuit of controlled energy gain by nuclear fusion took a huge leap forwards with the 2022 demonstration of multi-megajoule energy gain from deuterium-tritium implosions at the National Ignition Facility. Attention has now turned to applying these breakthroughs to realize commercially-viable energy production, in particular through the IFE-STAR and FIRE programs from the US Department of...
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Edge and Pedestal Physics (MCF)Poster Presentation
We report on poloidal fuelling variation in double null, neutral beam heated H-mode plasmas on MAST Upgrade and the first results exploiting the high-speed video (HSV) diagnostic, which has been absolutely calibrated to infer neutral species quantities from $\mathrm{D_\alpha}$ emission [1]. We see that the low-field side (LFS) pedestal electron density, $n_e$, is resilient to the poloidal...
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Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
Microwaves play a significant role in magnetically confined plasmas, from heating and current drive to a variety of diagnostic techniques. As such, it is important to calculate the electric field of such microwave beams, for example, as the basis of synthetic diagnostics. The beam-tracing approach balances computational cost and fidelity, accounting for Gaussian beam propagation, refraction,...
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Inertial Confinement Fusion (BPIF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
With the achievement of ignition at the National Ignition Facility (NIF), the focus of inertial confinement fusion research is turning to schemes relevant to inertial fusion energy. In particular, the move from indirect drive currently used at NIF to direct drive in which lasers illuminate the fusion fuel directly. This is expected to increase the coupling efficiency and reduce driver energy...
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Man Li (Harbin Institute of Technology)Disruptions and Runaway Electrons (MCF)Poster Presentation
The effect of pellet injection on the m/n=2/1 tearing mode (TM) is investigated with the three-dimensional nonlinear magneto-hydro-dynamics (MHD) code CLT. Based on typical pellet parameters and ablation theory, the pellet ablation module has been developed within the CLT code. And the nonlinear evolution of mode is studied when the pellet is injected into the plasma during the saturation...
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Solar and Space Plasmas (BSAP)Plenary and Invited Presentation
The ESA/NASA Solar Orbiter mission started its nominal science phase at the end of 2021, after a little less than two years of cruise phase. By June 2026, 9 remote-sensing observation campaigns will have taken place, with coordination with other international space missions as well as ground-based infrastructures. On top of this, Solar Orbiter regularly monitors the Sun and the heliosphere...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
T3ST is a numerical framework for simulating charged-particle dynamics in tokamak plasmas, incorporating realistic magnetic equilibria, Coulomb collisions, and synthetic turbulence in the passive-particle limit. Turbulent fields are constructed as statistical ensembles with prescribed Eulerian properties, allowing for rapid estimates of transport levels based on reduced turbulence...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
Electromagnetic microinstabilities are expected to dominate core transport in the high-$\beta_e$ conditions targeted by next-generation fusion pilot plants (FPPs) such as STEP [1], where $\beta_e$ denotes the ratio of electron thermal pressure to magnetic pressure. In the absence of strong sheared flow, nonlinear local gyrokinetic simulations indicate that unstable electromagnetic modes can...
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Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Poster Presentation
A self-burning magnetically confined fusion plasma requires the confinement of the generated alpha particles until their energy is transferred via collisions to the DT fuel. Wendelstein 7-X is the first stellarator optimised for this purpose but requires for experimental proof an average plasma beta (ratio of kinetic to magnetic pressure) of β > 4 %, which will not be achievable with the...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
The toroidal geometry of tokamaks and stellarators has long been known to play a crucial role in the linear physics of zonal flows (ZFs), leading to the Rosenbluth-Hinton residual [1] for stationary ZFs and the rapidly oscillating geodesic acoustic modes [2]. However, descriptions of the nonlinear ZF dynamics due to the interaction with drift-wave turbulence typically resort to simplified...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
Impurities play a critical role in the integration of a hot plasma core with a cold plasma edge, which are simultaneous requirements for the viable operation of a fusion reactor. Core radiation and fuel dilution set stringent limits on the tolerable impurity concentrations to sustain thermonuclear conditions or even for the survival of the plasma itself. At the same time, injected impurities...
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Other - MCFPoster Presentation
A class of exact three-dimensional steady states of a magentized plasma with nested, toroidal magnetic surfaces and anisotropic pressure is constructed by perturbing the well-known Solov’ev axisymmetric equilibrium. The perturbations are taken to be sinusoidal with arbitrary amplitudes and mode numbers. For certain values of the free parameters involved, the perturbations lead to the formation...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Petawatt-class (PW) laser systems can nowadays deliver 10 fs long optical pulses with intensities exceeding 10$^{20}$ W.cm$^{−2}$. When such ultraintense laser pulses interact with a solid metallic wire, electrons accelerated by the ponderomotive force reach relativistic energies, resulting in the emission of low-frequency electromagnetic radiation in the gigahertz (GHz) to terahertz (THz)...
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Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
The high poloidal beta (βp) scenario [Ding_Nature2024] is one of reactor-relevant advanced tokamak regimes, combining high confinement (H98y2 > 1.5) with operation at Greenwald fraction ≥ 1. The most specific feature of this scenario is the formation of an internal transport barrier (ITB) at large radius (≥ 0.5), enabled by an optimized current ramp-up phase and current profile shaping that...
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
Information density of plasma diagnostics is becoming increasingly important given the competition for reactor wall space with tritium breeding blankets critical to sustainable fusion power plants. Ion Cyclotron Emission (ICE) may enable a versatile plasma diagnostic due to its ubiquity in magnetised fusion devices and high technical readiness having been detected on Langmuir probes and ICRH...
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Samuel Stanek (Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering CTU in Prague, Department of Physics, Prague 1, Czech Republic)Other - MCFPoster Presentation
Tokamak GOLEM serves as an educational tokamak at the Czech Technical University in Prague. It is the world's oldest operational tokamak. Its unique remote-control interface enables hands-on training for students not only at CTU, but also internationally. This contribution presents the latest students' projects on the tokamak GOLEM. This is the first part of two contributions on this...
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Other - MCFPoster Presentation
Tokamak GOLEM serves as an educational tokamak at the Czech Technical University in Prague. It is the world's oldest operational tokamak. Its unique remote-control interface enables hands-on training for students not only at CTU, but also internationally. This contribution presents the latest students' projects on the tokamak GOLEM. This is the second part of two contributions on this...
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Laser and Particle Beam Interaction with Plasmas, Hydrodynamics and Instabilities (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Plasma-based accelerators offer high accelerating gradients and scalability through staging or long plasma sources, which makes them possible candidates for future accelerator and collider concepts. Proton-driven accelerators in particular have the potential to bring particles to high energy in a single stage. In the quasilinear regime - where the plasma wake is only partially evacuated - a...
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
Intrinsic non-axisymmetric error fields in tokamaks can significantly degrade plasma performance by driving resonant field penetration, locked modes, and momentum damping through neoclassical toroidal viscosity. Conventional error field correction (EFC) strategy is to minimize resonant quantities such as dominant-mode overlap [1] or multi-surface resonant flux. These approaches are effective...
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Markus Markl (Fusion@OEAW, Graz University of Technology)Edge and Pedestal Physics (MCF)Poster Presentation
The operation of ITER in high confinement mode hinges on the capability to mitigate or suppress edge localised modes (ELMs), in particular, in deuterium-tritium fuelled plasmas. A promising method to achieve this is the application of resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) to actively influence the plasma-edge transport keeping the pressure gradient below the ELM-triggering threshold. RMPs...
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Lucien Marquant (Université Paris-Saclay & Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas)Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
In most cases, micro-turbulence is the main source of heat and particle transport in tokamaks, leading to a degradation of the fusion performence. Ion Temperature Gradient (ITG) instability is one of the major micro-instabilities responsible for ion heat and particle transport. In the present work, the transition between a highly turbulent regime and a zonal-flow dominated regime is...
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Edge and Pedestal Physics (MCF)Poster Presentation
This conference contribution demonstrates an accelerated workflow for large-scale analysis of tokamak pedestals. The standard pedestal prediction tools, such as EPED, Europed, IPED, and IMEP, combine reduced transport assumptions with the overall magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stability envelope [1 – 4]. Computing the latter dominates the overall computational cost of these models and limits their...
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Astrophysical Plasmas (BSAP)Poster Presentation
We present a first-principles numerical study of axion production from the sun using a novel particle-in-cell–Monte Carlo (PIC–MC) framework. Our approach self-consistently models the solar plasma while preserving realistic radial density and temperature profiles by imposing gravitational forces that enforce hydrostatic equilibrium throughout the simulation. This enables long-timescale...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
Advances in laser technology have made it possible to deliver energies of the order of a joule in tens of femtoseconds at relatively high repetition rates (e.g., 100 Hz). When focused onto a thin solid target, such lasers can generate multi-MeV proton beams with fluxes exceeding 10¹⁰ particles per shot. These sources are promising for producing the ¹⁸F radioisotope via the ¹⁸O(p,n)¹⁸F nuclear...
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Power Plant Design (MCF)Poster Presentation
Reactor-scale divertor design requires rapid yet physics-consistent exploration of exhaust operational spaces. Fusion power plants beyond ITER demand integrated scenario development that maintains core-plasma performance while meeting engineering limits on plasma-facing components, particularly heat loads and erosion. Accelerating the evaluation of key divertor metrics - target fluxes,...
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Disruptions and Runaway Electrons (MCF)Poster Presentation
Following the thermal quench (TQ), increased plasma resistivity is responsible for the plasma current decay, which then generates intense toroidal electric fields capable of accelerating electrons to relativistic energies [1]. These runaway electron (RE) populations, retaining a substantial fraction of the pre-disruption current, can inflict severe localized damage on the first wall. To assess...
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Other - MCFPoster Presentation
Recent progress in Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices has motivated increasing interest in their potential application to computationally demanding physics problems [1,2]. In plasma physics, the solution of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs), such as the Helmholtz and Grad–Shafranov equations, is central to the modelling of electromagnetic wave propagation and plasma...
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Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
Charge Exchange Recombination Spectroscopy (CXRS) provides 3D-localized measurements of ion temperature, rotation velocity, and impurity density profiles [1]. At the TCV tokamak, five CXRS systems monitor both the core (low and high field sides) and edge plasma regions in toroidal and poloidal directions. It uses charge-exchange interactions between, often highly charged, plasma ions and...
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Monica Spolaore (Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, Università di Padova, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Padova, Italy - Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Plasmi, ISTP-CNR, Padova, Italy)Stellarator Physics and Optimisation (MCF)Poster Presentation
Electromagnetic filamentary turbulent structures are found to characterize the edge region of different magnetic configurations [1-3] including Reversed Field Pinch, stellarator and tokamak, where strong currents are associated also to ELM filamentary structures. The study of those phenomena in W7-X stellarator is of particular interest as the electromagnetic features of filaments are expected...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Millimeter-sized pellets are, for all practical purposes, the only way to fuel plasmas in a
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future fusion reactor. The injection of such a pellet, formed of cryogenic solid hydrogen,
introduces large modifications to the plasma parameters, especially in density and
temperature. The resulting momentary transition of the plasma into a non-stationary state
leads to transport processes that... -
Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Poster Presentation
One of the most important issues for next generation tokamaks, as ITER and DEMO, is control of impurity accumulation in the core plasma. High Z impurities as tungsten used in the divertor wall are possible to cause strong radiation losses, which can degrade plasma performance. Integrated modelling simulations are useful to investigate evolution of plasma profiles, and impurity analyses of L-...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Integrated modeling provides a platform on which the predictive capabilities of current models can be systematically verified and validated across devices, scenarios, and regimes [1]. This contribution presents the scientific program and the first results of the TSVV-H project, focused on coordinating integrated modeling efforts to improve reliability for scenario development and performance...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Contemporary high-energy lasers are largely restricted to producing light at a small set of discrete wavelengths for which efficient gain media exist, while conversion mechanisms to non-harmonic frequencies remain intrinsically inefficient. One promising route to overcome these constraints exploits the rapid transformation of neutral gas into plasma, a phenomenon called flash ionization, which...
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Other - MCFOral Presentation
Tokamak operation with tungsten walls, as foreseen in ITER and future fusion-based power plants, faces the potential strong impact of tunsgten dust ingress in the plasma. This was documented on the WEST tokamak [Bucalossi2024], equipped with an ITER-grade tungsten divertor, during a high fluence campaign in attached divertor condition: the erosion of tungsten monoblocks generated deposits that...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
Tungsten is becoming the leading solution as first wall material of magnetic confinement fusion reactors, as confirmed by the recent decision of ITER to also adopt tungsten in the main chamber.
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Tungsten is the metal with the highest melting point and combines low erosion rates with low fuel retention. However, tungsten is also one of the elements which leads to the highest radiation losses in... -
Dr Boudewijn van Milligen (CIEMAT)Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
In this work, we use the new Spectral Gas Puff Imaging diagnostic of the TJ-II stellarator to study edge turbulence. This diagnostic allows measuring electron density and temperature fluctuations simultaneously in a two-dimensional region in the plasma edge.
We compare the properties of turbulence in two heating phases, namely the low-density Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating phase and...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
In this work, we report an experimental study of electron-to-ion (e-i) root transitions in the TJ-II stellarator, a confinement transition associated with the formation of a sheared radial electric field in the plasma edge. The line-averaged electron density, was kept close to the value at which such transitions are typically observed, while the Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ECRH)...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Oral Presentation
Turbulence-driven transport and its self-regulation by plasma flows play a central role in confinement in magnetised fusion plasmas [1,2]. The perpendicular mean flow velocity (v_⊥) and its radial shear facilitate turbulence reduction and transport barrier formation [3]. Radial profiles of v_⊥ are accessible with Doppler Backscattering (DBS) [4], using density fluctuations as tracers. The...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Accurate and efficient turbulent transport models are essential for developing operating scenarios for ITER and DEMO. The ITER 15 MA baseline scenario is a key operating scenario for ITER and is being extensively studied, often using quasi-linear models, which combine linear instability eigenvalues with ad hoc saturation rules to estimate turbulent transport. However, existing saturation rules...
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Edge and Pedestal Physics (MCF)Oral Presentation
The H-mode in tokamaks brings fusion performance within reach but faces two major challenges: damaging ELMs and excessive divertor heat loads. Recent results across tokamak experiments identified an ELM-free H-mode—the quasi-continuous exhaust (QCE) regime—combining high pedestal pressure, reactor-relevant separatrix density, and a broadened the scrape-off layer (SOL) heat width, making it...
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Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
Small-scale instabilities induce turbulence, which significantly increases the transport of heat and particles. This greatly shortens the confinement time and hampers the development of a self-sustained plasma reaction in magnetic confinement devices. Systematic experimental investigations of turbulence, especially with the goal of validating first-principle gyrokinetic codes, thus remain of...
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Solar and Space Plasmas (BSAP)Oral Presentation
Both magnetic reconnection and turbulence are fundemental plasma phenomena active across laboratory, space, and astrophysical plasmas. Magnetic reconnection events initiated within the tangled magnetic fields produced in turbulent plasmas have long been thought to play an important role in turbulent dynamics. These events have traditionally been challenging to examine from either a numerical...
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Mr Max Parker (Fluid and Complex Systems Research Centre, Coventry University)Edge and Pedestal Physics (MCF)Poster Presentation
We investigate turbulent fluctuations observed around low-to-high confinement (L-H) and high-to-low confinement (H-L) transitions and the effects of externally applied edge-localised resonant magnetic perturbations (ERMPs) in KSTAR. Beam Emission Spectrometry (BES), Electron Cyclotron Emission Imaging (ECEI/ECE) and Mirnov Coils (MC) enable analysis of time-series fluctuations of electron...
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Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
Multi-energy soft x-ray pinhole cameras have been designed, constructed, calibrated, and operated on MST, Alcator C-Mod, and more recently on TCV and WEST to measure spatially and spectrally resolved plasma emission across multiple energy bands. Here we present a new methodology to estimate the local plasma effective charge from tungsten-resolved soft x-ray measurements on WEST. Two...
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Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Poster Presentation
For the modeling of wave heating and current drive in magnetic fusion plasmas, stationary full wave analysis based on the finite element method (FEM) is a powerful and flexible scheme in various configurations. An issue remaining in the FEM analysis, however, is to describe kinetic effects due to thermal motion of particles without wave number. Usually, kinetic effects in dielectric tensor...
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Inertial Confinement Fusion (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Thermal transport theories and their associated transport coefficients are still a major questioning in high energy density physics context, such as in inertial confinement fusion, where an energetic laser irradiates and heats a plasma. Difficulties arise when the plasma conditions span from local to nonlocal regimes, from unmagnetized to magnetized, and sometimes both, that is nonlocal...
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Oral Presentation
This work tackles the production and experimental characterization of a broad-range ultra-intense neutron source on the LMJ-PETAL facility. Using the PETAL laser ($700~\rm J$, $500~\rm fs$) as a driver of laser-plasma accelerated electron beams, bremsstrahlung gamma-rays were radiated by the relativistic electrons in a $5~\rm cm$-thick lead (Pb) converter in a pitcher-catcher configuration....
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Poster Presentation
Laser-wakefield accelerators (LWFAs) can deliver Gy-scale doses in a single ~150fs pulse, reaching dose rates exceeding 10¹³Gys⁻¹ [1]. This represents a fundamentally distinct regime, where dose is deposited before radical diffusion and early physico-chemical processes evolve, and where the volumetric density of ionising tracks exceeds that of any previously explored irradiation modality [1]....
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Laser-plasma Acceleration of Particles and Plasma-based Radiation Sources (BPIF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
Ultraintense laser-plasma interactions offer a novel approach to generating high-power terahertz (THz) radiation, and have aroused ever-increasing interest. This talk will review the latest progress on the ultraintense laser-driven THz radiation from plasmas. TW-scale THz bursts have been demonstrated experimentally by irradiating a thin foil with a high-intensity femtosecond or picosecond...
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Ultra-high Intensity Laser-matter Interaction and High-field Physics (BPIF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
Ultrarelativistic radiative plasmas represent an extreme state of matter in which radiation reaction and high-energy gamma-ray emission play a central role. When an ultrarelativistic electron emits a gamma-ray photon, radiative spin-flip processes can induce electron spin polarization, implying that such plasmas may become intrinsically spin polarized. This introduces spin polarization as a...
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Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
Reliable magnetic equilibrium reconstruction is key for the interpretation of experimental data and for physics modelling. Uncertainties of equilibrium quantities are frequently not provided although essential for the validation and quantification of derived physical quantities. A Monte-Carlo approach applicable to a free-boundary equilibrium reconstruction is suitable to provide uncertainties...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Recent experiments on JET [1] and DIII-D [2] suggest that toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes (TAEs) excited by energetic particles (EPs) can mitigate ion-scale turbulence, such as ITG (ion temperature gradient mode), by generating zonal flows that shear turbulence eddies. Using the electromagnetic version of the global gyrokinetic code GYSELA [3,4], we analyse the contribution of polarization,...
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Edge and Pedestal Physics (MCF)Poster Presentation
Spherical Tokamaks (STs) leverage high-β operation for compact reactor pathways, yet 3D field control remains a critical challenge due to the complex physics induced by the low aspect ratio geometry [1, 2]. This research utilizes the Generalized Perturbed Equilibrium Code (GPEC) to analyze 3D plasma response and quantify figures of merit for the MAST-U device [3]. Based on a perturbed...
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Plasma Processing and Applications (LTDP)Plenary and Invited Presentation
High power impulse magnetron sputtering is a new and promising physical vapor deposition technique. In this technique, differently from DC magnetron sputtering, the use of proper voltage pulses, in the microsecond regime, leads to the formation of a plasma population made of sputtered species in addition to the usual Ar ones. The evolution of such plasma plays a pivotal role in determining the...
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Edge and Pedestal Physics (MCF)Oral Presentation
Future tokamak devices, will operate in high-confinement mode (H-mode) in order to achieve the plasma confinement required for sustained net energy production. A key parameter describing H-mode is the power threshold for the L-H transition ($P_{LH}$), which has been shown to depend on various parameters, such as the plasma density, main isotope and plasma shaping. Experiments on different...
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Dr Farbod Faraji (Imperial College London)Other - MCFPoster Presentation
Plasma turbulence and the resulting transport of particles and energy remain among the most consequential, elusive problems in fusion science. In magnetic-confinement fusion (MCF) devices, nonlinear, multiscale instabilities and turbulence arise across various plasma regions that strongly influence plasma confinement, pedestal structure, transient events such as edge-localized modes, and power...
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Baptiste Frei (Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics)Edge and Pedestal Physics (MCF)Plenary and Invited Presentation
The physical mechanism behind the difference in the H-mode power threshold between favourable and unfavourable drift configurations is still not fully understood and remains an active field of research in view of ITER operation. Experimental evidence indicates that the radial electric field (Er) shear facilitates H-mode access in the favourable configuration, while it is weaker in the...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
We present two examples of unconventional dynamics of turbulent transport in spherical tokamaks.
First, we elucidate a novel interaction between mean E×B flow shear and Ion-Temperature-Gradient (ITG) turbulence. In contrast to the well-established stabilizing role of strong E×B shear in conventional aspect-ratio tokamaks, our work reveals a mechanism through which it can actually enable...
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Solar and Space Plasmas (BSAP)Plenary and Invited Presentation
The comprehension of particle energization and energy transport is a grand challenge of plasma physics that has implications on research fields that span from space weather to the understanding of the farthest astrophysical plasmas. The Earth’s Magnetospheric System, where strong energization and energy transport occurs, is the best natural laboratory to study these processes through in situ...
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Laser and Particle Beam Interaction with Plasmas, Hydrodynamics and Instabilities (BPIF)Poster Presentation
In inertial confinement fusion, inverse bremsstrahlung (IB) is the primary mechanism by which laser energy is transferred to hot plasma. It is well known that IB’s preferential heating of slow moving electrons can drive the electron energy distribution function towards a super-Gaussian distribution through the Langdon effect. We demonstrate that while the industry standard...
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Solar and Space Plasmas (BSAP)Poster Presentation
Turbulence is a fundamental process observed in astrophysical plasmas. In collisionless environments, turbulence naturally generates thin, intense current sheets where magnetic reconnection can occur. Reconnection is a process in which magnetic field lines break and reconnect, releasing magnetic energy, and is thought to play a crucial role in turbulence dynamics and energy dissipation.
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The... -
Stellarator Physics and Optimisation (MCF)Poster Presentation
Recent experiments in the TJ-II stellarator using multi-pellet injection into Neutral Beam Injection (NBI)-heated plasmas have established a new enhanced confinement regime [1,2]. These discharges achieved record energy confinement times exceeding ISS04 scaling law predictions, alongside record densities and the highest ion temperatures ($T_i$) measured in the device. These conditions provide...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
For the development of operating scenarios for future tokamaks, like ITER, it is essential that anomalous plasma transport can be efficiently and accurately modeled. Such modeling capabilities must be available for the full plasma radius and all phases of a discharge, including ramp-up and ramp-down. In this work, we assess the ability of three reduced transport models: (i) the semi-empirical...
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Plasma Turbulence and Transport (MCF)Poster Presentation
Predictions of the heat and particle transport in the present and future fusion devices plays crucial role in the modelling and analysis of the performance properties of the plasma scenarios. It is observed that the transport properties in the core and in the edge regions are coupled in H-mode plasmas, where the core pressure and the pedestal pressure are connected in loop via Shafranov shift...
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Federico Cursi (KU Leuven, Belgium)SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
Time-dependent plasma boundary simulations can be an important contributor to power exhaust control design in ITER and future fusion reactors, but remain computationally challenging due to coupled fluid-kinetic plasma edge models, strong nonlinearities, and different timescales involved. Most SOLPS-ITER studies have focused on stationary power exhaust scenarios, with only a few attempts to use...
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
Understanding the dynamics of turbulent transport in the scrape-off layer (SOL) of magnetically confined plasmas is critical for optimizing plasma confinement and mitigating plasma–surface interactions in fusion devices. In this study, we present a comprehensive analysis of blob-like filament dynamics in the SOL of the Alcator C-Mod tokamak, focusing on velocity scaling regimes and their...
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Solar and Space Plasmas (BSAP)Poster Presentation
To study near-Earth plasma environments without assuming a given velocity distribution function, kinetic models are required. Vlasiator [1] is a 6D hybrid-Vlasov solver which treats ions kinetically using a semi-Lagrangian method [2], while electrons are modeled as a charge-neutralizing fluid, enabling global simulations of the interaction between the solar wind and the Earth’s...
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Poster Presentation
Neoclassical transport coefficients are essential for understanding particle and heat transport in tokamak plasmas, particularly in the presence of 3D magnetic perturbations. Traditionally, these coefficients have been calculated by directly solving the drift-kinetic equation [1,2]. While Monte-Carlo methods offer a more direct approach, they have traditionally been limited by computational...
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Scenario Development, Heating and Current Drive (MCF)Poster Presentation
Vertical displacement events (VDEs) [1] are one of the main causes of major disruption that could damage plasma facing components, especially in reactor-size tokamaks. Elongated plasma, an effective approach to enable high plasma confinement, is inherently vertically unstable. Additionally, perturbations in other parameters, such as poloidal beta βp, internal inductance li and toroidal current...
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Oral Presentation
The linear stability and nonlinear dynamics of Energetic Particle (EP)-driven modes is strongly dependent on the phase space gradients of EP distributions, since these modes are driven unstable by wave-particle resonances locally in phase space [1]. Even though EPs are far from thermodynamic equilibrium, their distribution function is often reduced in numerical modelling to local Maxwellians,...
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Plasma Control (MCF)Poster Presentation
We present a novel, reactor relevant, vertical control scheme for the MAST-U tokamak, wherein the vertical position of the plasma is determined by the diagnosed particle/heat flux balance between the upper and lower divertor rather than via magnetic diagnostics. Future compact designs such as STEP or ARC will come with enhanced exhaust challenges, to address this advanced divertor...
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
We present Vlasov kinetic simulations of ELM plasma transport from the mid-plane to divertor targets using KOBRA, a code employing adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) and an asymptotic-preserving (AP) scheme for the modified Poisson equation. Two characteristic scales governing numerical stability and computational efficiency are quantitatively analyzed: the Debye sheath length $l_\mathrm{sheath}$...
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Other - BPIFPoster Presentation
WarpX[1,2] is an advanced, electromagnetic and electrostatic, free and open-source Particle-In-Cell code, hosted by the High Performance Software Foundation (HPSF). It supports many features, which make it suitable to tackle a wide variety of scientific problems, from laser-plasma interaction to plasma astrophysics, accelerator physics, and the conception of nuclear fusion devices. WarpX is a...
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Plasma Processing and Applications (LTDP)Poster Presentation
Radiation protection in healthcare settings is critical to ensure the safety of patients and medical personnel exposed to ionizing radiation during diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. In this work, a lead-free, environmentally benign tantalum–tungsten (Ta-W) composite coating was successfully deposited onto natural cotton fabric via magnetron plasma sputtering to develop a lightweight,...
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SOL, Divertor and PWI (MCF)Poster Presentation
The Impurity Powder Dropper (IPD)[1], developed by PPPL, is a device designed to inject controlled amounts
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of extrinsic low-Z impurities, such as boron (B) powder, during plasma discharges. Operating in WEST since
2021, the IPD has demonstrated both real-time wall conditioning effects [2, 3] and transient improvements
in core performance [4, 5]. In parallel, impurity seeding with nitrogen... -
Plasma Diagnostics and Data Analysis (MCF)Poster Presentation
Tomography based on soft X-ray diodes has been widely used in all magnetic devices for nuclear fusion studies for 50 years, enabling 2-D reconstruction of total X-ray emissions in the 2-30 keV energy range with good time resolution. Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detectors were developed and used in many tokamaks (FTU, NSTX, MAST-U, WEST, EAST, KSTAR) for 20 years for 2D noise-free imaging, at...
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Fundamental Plasma Physics - Theory (BSAP)Poster Presentation
Turbulent plasmas in space and laboratory are inherently multi-field, i.e., fluctuations in vorticity, density, temperature, and magnetic fields are dynamically correlated and mutually interacting. A powerful theoretical approach to reduce such complexity is known as wavekinetics, yet most established theories have focused on 1-field drift-wave models such as the Hasegawa–Mima system[1]. More...
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High Energy Density Plasmas, Warm Dense Matter, and Atomic Physics in Plasmas (BPIF)Oral Presentation
Direct drive inertial confinement fuison are especially susceptible to driver non-uniformities that imprint structure of on to the target surface. The imprinted structure seed hydrodynamic isntabilities whilst launching non-uniform shocks. This talk presents the results of using x-ray phase contrast imaging of a propagting shock within TMPTA foam using the x-ray free electron laser present at SACLA.
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Energetic Particles and MHD (MCF)Oral Presentation
The interaction of fast-ion-driven Alfven Eigenmodes with axisymmetric Zonal shear flows in toroidal plasmas has recently received significant attention due to the potential stabilization of microturbulence and reduction of radial transport [1,2,3]. Here, we present clear experimental evidence that multiple simultaneous Toroidicity-induced Alfven Eigenmodes [4] drive mesoscale ($\rho_i$ <...
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Stellarator Physics and Optimisation (MCF)Poster Presentation
Energetic-ion confinement at finite plasma pressure is a key requirement for optimised stellarators and reactor extrapolation. Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) has been designed to provide good fast-ion confinement at reactor-relevant β. The recent availability of finite-β W7-X equilibria now enables a systematic assessment of the β-dependence of fast-ion behaviour for realistic beam sources and...
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Other - BPIFPoster Presentation
Significant progress in Particle-In-Cell (PIC) simulations has led to fast, user-friendly codes capable of modeling a wide range of physical phenomena. However, due to the complexity of modifying highly optimized, platform-specific PIC codes, the adoption of new algorithms presents difficulties. Simultaneously, researchers proposing novel methods gain little from developing a full-scaled PIC...
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